TRIAS. 237 



and between Halse and the Preston Bower, there is a development 

 of pebbly sandstone, and near Williton the Conglomerate is asso- 

 ciated with beds of breccia and sandstone. (See Fig. 37.) 



In some localities the limestone pebbles and boulders from the 

 Conglomerate are burnt for lime ; and the other pebbles of grit and 

 sandstone are used for road-mending. 



The Pebble-beds of Budleigh Salterton are made up largely of 

 flattened quartzite pebbles, containing Palaeozoic fossils : these 

 beds extend inland to Straightway Head, west of Ottery St. Mary, 

 and have been traced by Mr. Ussher to the quartzose pebble-beds 

 of Burlescombe, and Whitehall Hill Tunnel.^ The term ' Popple- 

 rock' is sometimes applied to the conglomerates, and the Budleigh 

 pebbles are locally known as 'Popples' ; there is also the village 

 Newton Poppleford. 



The Lower Marls pass locally down into the beds beneath by 

 intercalations of sand. They are used for brickmaking near Wive- 

 liscombe and CuUompton, and occur over Kentisbere J\Ioor, around 

 Whimple, etc. 



In Devonshire and West Somerset there are certain beds at the 

 base of the New Red Series, which are termed Breccias. They 

 are made up for the most part of slaty fragments embedded in a red 

 sandy matrix, and are accompanied, sometimes abundantly, by 

 pebbles of Devonian Limestone, by pebbles of Carboniferous and 

 Devonian grits, and by boulders of Granite and various Igneous 

 rocks. ^ The occurrence of Granite is important, for it is evidently 

 derived from Dartmoor ; and as the intrusion of this rock took 

 place in late Carboniferous, or perhaps in early Permian times, the 

 age of the red rocks of Devonshire must be later. 



The Lower Sandstones and Breccias, containing cla3^ey and 

 marly beds, occur at Stogumber, Tiverton, Crediton, Heavitree 

 east of Exeter, Topsham, Dawlish, Teignmouth, Kingskerswell, 

 etc. They contain many limestone pebbles, some of which at 

 Labrador Bay, south of Teignmouth, inclose Goniatites, Clymenia 

 {C. linearis), and many Corals (Madrepores).^ These pebbles are 

 burnt for lime in places ; and they are also polished for sale, for 

 which purpose they are collected on the sea-shore, where they are 

 derived chiefly from the Breccia, but some perhaps directly from 

 the Devonian Limestone. Devonian fossils have also been found 

 in the Trias near Tiverton and Silverton.* Beekite also occurs 

 on the Devonshire coast (see p. 141), and it has been met with 

 in Triassic conglomerate at Bouley Bay, Jersey.* 



The brecciated beds near Exeter, known as the Exeter or red 

 conglomerate, have been quarried at Heavitree,'' Exminster, and 



^ Trans. Devon Assoc. 1877. 



2 J.J. Conybeare, Ann. of Phil. 1821 ; and W. D. Conybeare and Phillips, 

 Outlines of Geol. England and Wales, p. 293. 

 ^ See A. Champernowne, G. Mag. 1880, p. 361. 



* Rev. W. Dovvnes, Trans. Devon Assoc. 1881. 



* Ansted and Latham, Channel Islands, p. 274 ; J. A. Birds, G. Mag. 1879, p. 334. 



* The Heavitree quarry was described by Dr. J. F. Berger, T.G.S. i. 99. 



