424 TERTIARY. 



Csenozoic proposed by John Phillips (spelt also Kainozoic), signi- 

 fying recent life, has been employed as a synonym ; but from the 

 introduction of the term Quaternary (or Post-Tertiary), it seems 

 desirable to group the strata as follows : — 



Ccenozoic \ Quaternary. 

 ( 1 ertiary. 



TERTIARY. 



The Tertiary era is characterized by the occurrence of 

 numerous genera of large Mammalia, hence it has been 

 termed the Age of Mammals. Remains of Birds are found, 

 also those of Reptiles in some abundance ; and it is remarkable 

 that fossil remains of Gavials, true Crocodiles, and Alligators 

 are represented in our Lower Tertiary strata, although " at 

 the present day these forms are all geographically restricted 

 in their range, and are never associated together." ^ Turtles 

 and Serpents are likewise represented : the latter appearing 

 for the first time. Among Fishes the Teleosteans abounded, 

 as did also the Selachian Fishes represented by the Rays and 

 Sharks. Among Mollusca, Auimonites and Belej)inites are 

 no longer known in this country ; the Nautilus, however, 

 survives, and is still living in other seas. Gasteropods and 

 Lamellibranchs are found in great numbers and variety : 

 they include Voluta, Cyprcca, Pleiiroiovia, Cyrena, Cardita, 

 Cytherea, Mactra, Mya, etc. Brachiopoda are poorly repre- 

 sented. Few Insects are preserved.^ Crustacea (especially 

 Brachyiird), Echinodermata, and Corals are met with. Among 

 Foraminifera, the genus Nninnnilimi {Niunj/iulites) is a 

 characteristic fossil, but is met with only at certain horizons 

 (Bracklesham and Barton Beds). 



The Flora and Fauna of the Lower Tertiary strata are rich 

 in tropical and subtropical forms ; while the highest strata 

 contain Plants and other organic remains belonging to a 

 temperate climate, and even indicating the approach of the 

 Glacial period. There were, however, considerable fluctua- 

 tions in climate during the Tertiary era. All kinds of Plants 

 are represented in the strata, from Fungi, Lichens, Mosses, 

 and Hepaticae, upwards.^ 



The organic remains now begin to approach more closely to 



' H. A. Nicholson, Manual of Palaeontology, ed. 2, vol. ii. p. 210 ; A. S. 

 Woodward, P. Geol. Assoc, ix. 327. 



- H. Goss, P. Geol. Assoc, v. 282. 



•* Flora of Eocene Formation, by J. S. Gardner and Baron C. von Ettingshausen 

 (Palceontogr. Soc.) ; P. De la Harpe, Bull. Soc. Vaudoise des So. Nat. 1856. 



