436 EOCENE. 



one locality and not seen at the same horizon in another. Speci- 

 mens have been obtained at Pebble Hill, not far from Kintbury, 

 near Hungerford, at Newnham and Cuffell (near Basingstoke), 

 Bognor, Clarendon Hill near Salisbury, Highgate, Finchley, 

 Islington, Heme Bay, Whitstable, Sheppey, Harwich, etc. 



At Sheppey there were found in great abundance the fossil 

 fruits described by Dr. Bowerbank ; amongst these the Palm, 

 Nipadi/es cUipticiis, is conspicuous. Many of the Palms are 

 apparently identical with living species.^ Mr. Carruthers has 

 stated that here also have been found no less than 40 species 

 of Leguminacco' allied to the Mimoscc and Acacicv; also Eiiphoihias} 

 Mr. J. S. Gardner records the Alder from the London Clay of 

 Swale Cliff, near Whitstable. 



The fossils include also many Foraminifera^ and Diatomaceoe ; 

 and the Coral Paracyaihus brevis, etc. Among the Mollusca we 

 find Peciunctihis brevirostris, P. decussatus, Cryptodoii angidatum, 

 Cytherea obliqua, Leda amygdaloides, Nucula Boiverbatikii, PanopCE.a 

 intermedia, Corbula globosa, Murex subcorona/us, Fusjis ttiberosus, 

 PUurotuina (many species), Rostellaria ampla, R. Sowerbyi, Phorus 

 extensus, Valuta nodosa, Pyfiila tricosta/a, Turritella imbricalaria, 

 Natica glaucinuides, N. Hanto7iiensis, Nautilus centralis, N. {Aturia) 

 ziczac, N. regalis, N. imperialis, etc. Ca7nptoceras, a genus of fresh- 

 water Mollusca, now living only in India, was found near Sheerness.* 

 The Annelide Ditrupa pla^ia is common, and sometimes fossil wood 

 with Tertdo-\)Ox\\i%% is met with.* Among Echinodermata we find 

 Astropecten crispatus, Ophiura We/herelli, and Pentacrinus sub-basal ti- 

 formis ; the Crustacea include Xanthopsis Lcachii, Hoploparia Belli, 

 and Ostracoda. 



Amongst the Reptiles were the Sea-snake Palerophis toliapicus, 

 (probably about thirteen feet in length), and Croeodilus toliapicus ; 

 many Turtles also occur, including Chtlone planimentum (or 

 Barvicensis), C bi-eviceps, etc., and several species of Emys. Of 

 the Fishes there were Otodus obliquus, Lamna elegans, Myliobatis, 

 Carcharodon, etc. 



Most remarkable perhaps are the Birds found at Sheppey and 

 described by Sir Richard Owen. They include the Odontopteryx, 

 a web-footed bird having jaws provided with tooth-like forms ; 

 Lithornis, allied to the Vultures ; the Dasornis, a terrestrial bird 

 belonging to the Struthionidse ; and a bird allied to the Albatross, 

 the Argillornis found by INIr. W. H. Shrubsole. 



Among Mammals the Hyracotherium leporimim (which received 

 its name from its supposed affinities with the living Hyrax), the 



1 J. S. Gardner, Rep. Eiit. Assoc. 1886. 



2 P. Geol. Assoc, iv. 319 ; Bowerbank, Fossil Fruits of the London Clay, 1S40. 

 Mr. Gardner states that Dr. Bowerbank determined only a few of the Fruits 

 correctly ; owing to their pyritic condition tiiey rapidly decay, but may be pre- 

 served by being boiled in paraffine-wax. P. Geol. Assoc, viii. 305. See also 

 Baron C. von Ettingshausen, G. Mag. iSSo, p. 37. 



3 See C. D. Sherborn and F. Chapman, Journ. Roy. Micros. Soc. (2), vi. 737. 

 * H. H. Godwin-Austen, Q. J. xxxviii. 220. 



5 See J. S. Gardner, G. Mag. 1S86, p. 161. 



