5i8 



PLEISTOCENE. 



Ilford has long been celebrated for the number of Mammalian remains found in 

 the pits at London-road Field and Uphall. For the collection of a large number 

 of specimens found at Ilford we are largely indebted to Sir Antonio Brady and to 

 Dr. Richard Payne Cotton.^ 



Attention was long ago directed to the fossils of the Thames Valley deposits by 

 Prof. Morris, and he described the beds at Brentford, where W. K. Trimmer many 

 years previously obtained Mammalian remains.' One of the most interesting 

 localities in the Thames Valley deposits is on the south side of the river at 

 Crayford, in Kent. In the brickearth the Rev. O. Fisher obtained a worked flint, 

 and many remains of Mammalia.'* Still more important and surprising is the 

 discovery by Mr. F. C. J. Spurrell of a place where Palaeolithic Implements were 

 manufactured in this locality.^ He discovered some flakes, which he fitted to- 

 gether and re-formed the mass of flint from which they were struck. These 

 Occurred beneath sand and brickearth with Rhinoceros, etc. 



At Acton Flint implements and remains of Mammoth have been found by 

 General Pitt-Rivers.^ 



Palseolithic Implements have also been found in the gravel capping the cliffs at 

 Heme Bay. Near Reculvers there are freshwater beds with Corbiada Jiuminaiis, 

 etc.;'' and similar beds occur at Faversham. 



Mr. Godwin-Austen has described the gravel beds of the Wey valley near 

 Guildford, at Peasemarsh, etc. ; there Elephant remains have been obtained, and 

 also Flint-implements.'' Mammalian remains have likewise been found in the 

 same neighbourhood in gravel about loo feet above the river Wey.^ 



Gravel and sand with Mammoth, Rhinoceros, etc., and Palseolithic Implements, 

 occur near Reading.^ Similar remains are recorded by Prof Prestwich from the 

 Thames valley gravel at Summertown, Oxford, together with Corbiciila flunii)iaUs}^ 

 Pleistocene Alammalia have also been found at Wytham, Yarnton, Culham, 

 Abingdon, etc., and near Thame. ^^ 



Prof. Prestwich has described a bed of Angular Drift on the Lower Chalk 

 between Upton and Chilton, near Didcot. (See Fig. 64, p. 385.) The Drift 

 consists of Chalk and flint-rubble with blocks of Sarsen stone. Bones of 

 Mammoth, Rhinoceros, Bison, and Reindeer were met with in it ; and in an' 

 intercalated mass of white marl, land- and a few freshwater-shells were obtained. 

 This Drift he regards as analogous to the great ' Land-wash ' or ' Head ' which 

 overlies certain Raised Beaches on our southern coast. ^- (See p. 494.) 



In the valley of the Medway, at Aylesford, there are extensive deposits of gravel, 

 containing remains of Elephas oitiquus. Rhinoceros, etc. 



Brickearth occurs at Deal, and in the valleys near Dover, Ramsgate, Canterbury, 

 and Faversham. A superior kind of brickearth has, according to Mr. Bensted, 

 been worked near Maidstone, It occurs in pipes and fissures in the Kentish Rag, 



^ H. Woodward and W. Davies, Geol. Mag. 1874, p. 390; H. Woodward, 

 G. Mag. 1864, p. 241, 1868, p. 540 ; Catalogue of Pleistocene Vertebrata in Coll. 

 Sir A. Brady, by W. Davies, 1874. 



2 Morris, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1836, p. 261, 1838, p. 539. Many sections in 

 the Thames Valley deposits have been published by Mr. A. Tylor, Q. J. xxv. 



83-95- 



3 G. Mag. 1872, p. 268 ; Mr. W. Davies has published a full list of the 

 Mammals, etc., Ibid. 1879, p. 247; R. W. Cheadle and B. B. Woodward, Proc. 

 W. Lond. Scient. Assoc. 1876, i. 92. 



* Q. J. xxxvi. 544. 



^ Q. J. xxviii. 449 ; see also John Allen Brown, Q. J. .\li. 192 ; and W. G. 

 Smith, P. Geol. A soc. viii. 124. 



* Prestwich, Q. J. xi. no. 



^ Q. J. vii. 278, xi. 114, xvii. 367. 



® Lieut. -Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, Q. J. xL 599. 



9 E. B. Poulton, Q. J. xxxvi. 296 ; Dr. J. Stevens, P. Geol. Assoc, ix. 209. 

 i» G. Mag. 1S82, p. 49. 

 ^' Codrington, Q. J. xx. 374. 

 1' Q. J. xxxviii. 127. See also H. H. Hovvorth, G. Mag. 1882, pp. 433, 509. 



