ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS. 519 



and is in part due to the dissolution of that rock, and in part to old Alluvium that 

 has been preserved in these ' pipes.' It has yielded remains of Elephant, etc. ^ 



At Folkestone Battery a bed of gravel called the ' Bone-bed ' rests on the Lower 

 Greensand, and is overlaid by a white loam used as brickearth. It has yielded 

 remains of Bison, Elephas primigeiiius, Hippopotamus, Hycena, Rhinoceros, etc.* 



At Brighton, east of Kemp Town, the following succession of beds has been 

 exposed :■* — 



Soil, etc. Feet. 



L ' Elephant Bed ' So to 60 



Pleistocene. ( Old sea-beach 5 '° '^ 



( Sand 3 to 4 



Chalk. 



The Elephant Bed, first described by Dr. Mantell, is provincially termed 

 Combe rock ; it is chiefly made up of layers of Chalk and flint rubble, and may 

 be in part of subaerial formation. It contains remains of Elephas primigenius. 

 Rhinoceros tichorhinus, etc. ; and Mr. E. H. Willett obtained a Palaeolithic 

 implement from it. Remains of Mammoth have also been obtained from a brick- 

 yard at Hove. 



At Bognor, Littlehampton, and Worthing there are certain deposits of brickearth 

 which have yielded Mammalian remains, Elephas, etc. ; and these are regarded as 

 of the age of the Elephant-bed of Brighton. There is ako at Selsea a superficial 

 brickearth, which was regarded by Mr. God win- Austen as due to "the wash of a 

 terrestrial surface under a far greater amount of annual rainfall than we have at 

 present." (See p. 495 and sequel.) 



At Fisherton Anger, about one mile west of Salisbury, the valley deposits of the 

 River Wily have yielded remains of the Lemming, Mammoth, Reindeer, Hyaena, 

 etc., and Palaeolithic Implements. These drifts consist of high-level gravel contain- 

 ing flint-implements, but no organic remains ; and also at a lower level of brickearth, 

 10 to 20 feet thick, with fluviatile shells, underlaid by gravel which yields 

 Mammalian remains. The Implements were discovered by Dr. H. P. Blackmore, 

 who has also found specimens at Milford Hill, east of Salisbury.* Flint Imple- 

 ments have likewise been obtained from the Upper Test Valley, St. Mary Bourne, 

 in Hampshire.* 



In the Isle of Wight remains of Elephant have been obtained at Freshwater 

 Gate. 6 



Here and there in the Avon valley, at Twerton, Larkhall near Bath, Bathamp- 

 ton and Freshford, small patches of gravel have yielded the remains of Rhinoceros, 

 Mammoth, Musk Sheep, etc.'' Pleistocene Mammalian remains have also been 

 found at Taunton ; and in Wiltshire at Chisenbury, near Nether Avon, Westbury, 

 Christian Malford and Foxham, near Chippenham.** Near Marlborough there is 

 a deposit of brickearth, which is manufactured into bricks of a rich crimson 

 colour.^ 



In the valley of the Severn there is much drift. At Cropthorne on the Avon, 

 between Evesham and Pershore, Mr. Strickland, in 1834, obtained bones of 

 Hippopotamus, Rhinoceros tichorhinus, Elephas aniiquus, E. primigenius, Ursus, 



1 Morris, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1S36, p. 593 ; W. H. Bensted, Geologist, v. 448, 

 P. Geol. Assoc, i. 58 ; C. Le N. Foster and W. Topley, Q. J. xxi. 453 ; Topley, 

 Geol. Weald, p. 179. 



' S. J. Mackie, Q. J. vii. 257. 



3 Mantell, Fossils of S. Downs, p. 277, Proc. G. S. ii. 203 ; Dixon, Geol, 

 Sussex, ed. 2, p. 112. 



* Q. J. XX. 190; xxi. 250 ; Prestwich, Q. J. xi. loi. 



* Joseph Stevens, A Descriptive List, etc., 1867. 



* Bristow, Geol. I. of Wight, p. loi. 



' C. Moore, Proc. Bath Nat. Hist. Club, 1870. 



8 R. N. Mantell, Q. J. vi. 314: J. D. Bring, Q. J. xiv. 164. 



» Whitaker, Q. J. xviii. 265. 



