542 



PLEISTOCENE AND RECENT. 



fissures in the Limestone. The principal Pleistocene and Recent Mammalia have 

 been previously enumerated. (See pp. 477, 478.) 



At Kirkdale Cavern, in Yorkshire, remains of Hyaena (indicating 300 animals), 

 Wolf, Cave Lion, Cave Bear, Elephant, Rhinoceros, Reindeer, Irish Elk, Bison, 

 Hippopotamus, etc., have been found. The Cave was discovered in 1821, and 

 described by Dr. Buckland.i It is formed in the Corallian rocks, and is situated 

 between Helmsley and Kirkby Moorside, on the border of the Vale of Pickering. 

 It was evidently the resort of Hyaenas, for the bones of many of the other 

 Mammalia had been dragged in and gnawed by them. (See p. 333.) 



Fig. 92. — Victoria Cave, Settle, Yorkshire. 

 (R. H. Tiddeman.) Scale, i inch to 54 feet. 



d. Talus, the dotted line showing its upper surface previous to the explorations. 



c. Upper Cave-earth. 



b' . Glacial drift. 



b. Laminated clay. 



a . Bone-bed containing the older Cave-mammals. 



a. Lower Cave-earth. 



I. 25-foot shaft. 2. 1 3 -foot shaft. 



A. and B. indicate different chambers. 



The Settle Cave (1450 feet above the level of the sea) was discovered in 1838, 

 and has since been explored chiefly by Mr. R. H. Tiddeman.^ The upper bed in it 

 was formed of stones which had fallen from the roof ; then beneath came a black 

 bed, containing charcoal, and highly artistic enamelled ornaments, showing a date 

 of occupation that was post-Roman. To these succeeded layers six feet in thickness, 

 in which were found remains of a more ancient race, their flint knives, harpoons, 

 etc. Beneath these deposits, classed as Neolithic and Roman, the following beds 

 were determined : — 



Upper Cave-earth, with Badger, Reindeer, Horse, etc. 



Laminated Clay, with a few small well-glaciated boulders. 



Lower Cave- earth, with Hyrena, Bear, Elephas antiqinis. Rhinoceros, 

 Hippopotamus, Bos pri?>iigeniiis, and a human fibula? Some doubt has 

 been thrown on the identification of this human bone ; but Mr. Busk, 

 while disposed to regard it as an abnormally large human fibula, 

 thought it would be unsafe to build any strong conclusions upon it. 



' The clay found in the cave was regarded by Mr. Tiddeman as of Glacial age. 

 Many Pleistocene remains have also been found in a fissure in Raygill quarries 

 near Skipton.^ 



^ Reliquice Diluvianoe, 1823. 



2 Brit. Assoc. 1874, 1875 ; The Work and Problems of the Victoria Cave, 1875 ; 

 G. Mag. 1873, p. II ; see also J. R. Dakyns, G. Mag. 1877, p. 439- 



3 Proc. Geol. and Polyt. Soc. W. Riding, 1880. 



