MAMMALS OF NORTHERN COLOMBIA—HERSH KOVITZ 29 
underparts. They are nearest zuliae but illustrate that the altitudinal 
gradients in size, color and pelage have the same tendencies in both 
the Gramalote and the Péramo de Tamé branches of the Rio Zulia 
fluvial system. 
PuERTO SANTANDER (male and female): These specimens from the 
right bank of the Magdalena, altitude 60 meters, are practically 
identical with specimens from El] Guayabal; the female has the same 
white markings on underparts as described for one of the Guayabal 
squirrels. 
Remarks.—The position of zuliae is strategic both geographically 
and with relation to other subspecies of granatensis which have 
heretofore been considered specifically distinct. The type locality, 
in the angle of the node formed by the union of the Perij& and the 
Mérida ranges, is a crossroad through which intergradation between 
extreme forms of granaiensis is demonstrated. Pursuing the Mérida 
range northeastward gradation into the pale agouti, or olivaceous, 
griseogena can be shown. Northward, along the Perijé range and 
into the Maracaibo basin, gradation into the blackish (farrae) and 
the orangeous and contrasting black (perijae and maracaibensis) 
squirrels has been demonstrated. Westward, across the mountains, 
we find again a gradient leading to the contrastingly colored, white 
bellied variabilis. Southward, into the higher levels of the Eastern 
‘Andes (Péramo de Tam4), zuliae leads to meridensis which, in turn, 
is hardly distinguishable from the forms known as griseimembra and 
candalensis; at middle levels southward in the Eastern Andes, zuliae 
undergoes only a very slight transformation to become known as 
chrysurus. 
Specimens examined.—Nine. Orope, 1 (C.N.H.M.); El Guayabal, 
10 miles north of Cuicuta, 4 (C.N.H.M.); Gramalote, 2 (U.S.N.M.); 
Puerto Santander, 2 (U.S.N.M.). 
SCIURUS GRANATENSIS GRISEOGENA (Gray) 
Macroxus griseogena Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 20, p. 429, 1867. 
Sciurus griseogena klagesi Tuomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 14, p. 240, 
1914 (Galifare, near Caracas). 
Type.—According to Allen (1915, p. 227) one of the specimens 
collected by Dyson in Venezuela and so indicated by Thomas on the 
label of the specimen. It has never been formally recorded as a 
lectotype. 
Type locality —Venezuela, designation by Thomas (1901, p. 193). 
Here further restricted to San Julidn, near La Guaira, coast of Vene- 
zuela (see discussion antea p. 7). 
Distribution.—Coast and low coastal ranges of Carabobo and the 
Caracas district, northern Venezuela. 
Characters.—Pale agouti, olivaceous in appearance, with or without 
