BIRDS FROM BRAZIL AND SOUTHERN VENEZUELA—FRIEDMANN 379 
its series of Neotropical birds and which is of particular value as it 
comes from a region at once so interesting and hitherto so poorly 
represented in museum collections. 
The photographs for the illustrations are reproduced by courtesy 
of the National Geographic Society. All were taken by Mr. Holt, 
and all are copyrighted by the Society. 
Family TINAMIDAE: Tinamous 
TINAMUS MAJOR ZULIENSIS Osgood and Conover: Zulia Tinamou 
Tinamus major zuliensis Oscoop and Conover, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 
Zool. Ser., vol. 12, 1922, p. 24 (Rio Cogollo, Perijé, State of Zulia, Venezuela). 
SPECIMENS COLLECTED 
5 ad. o&, 2 ad. 9, Venezuela, Cerro Yapacana, Upper Orinoco, April 4-25, 
1931. 
Most of the specimens were noted by the collectors as having en- 
larged gonads when shot. 
These skins have either no noticeable crests or very short ones. 
Hellmayr and Conover (Catalogue of the birds of the Americas, 
pt. 1, No. 1, 1942, p. 17, footnote) write of their material that “while 
most of the birds united here under zuliensis have no crest or but a 
short one, one from the foot of Mount Duida has the occipital feathers 
fully as long as in T. m. major.” The same authors note also that 
birds from the Caura and the Orinoco average more brownish than 
more western (more topotypical) specimens, but that they vary 
considerably, ‘‘and two from the Rio Ocamo are very nearly as 
yellowish olive as the type of zuliensis.”’ 
This series shows very clearly that zuliensis is dichromatic; two 
of the birds (one of each sex) are considerably more rufescent above 
than the other five olive-brown ones. There is also great variation 
in the darkness or paleness of the underparts; in one extreme the 
ground color of the breast, all but the lower middle abdomen, sides, 
and flanks, is a dusky buffy, and the vermiculations are strong and 
dark; in the other extreme (of the same sex and color phase) the 
ground color is almost whitish except for the breast, which is more 
washed with pale buffy, but the vermiculations are finer and paler, 
giving a very light appearance to the ventral surface of the bird. 
The Zulia tinamou occurs from the Santa Marta area of Colombia 
and most of Venezuela south to the Upper Orinoco (Cerro Yapacana, 
Mount Duida) and east to the Caura River. In other words, the 
present series is from the extreme southern limit of the range of the 
race. 
TINAMUS MAJOR SERRATUS Spix: Rio Negro Tinamou 
Tinamus serratus Sprx, Avium species novae . . . Brasiliam . . . , vol. 2, 1825, 
p. 61, pl. 76 (‘‘in sylvis campestribus fl. Nigri’” = Rio Negro, Brazil). 
