BIRDS FROM BRAZIL AND SOUTHERN VENEZUELA—FRIEDMANN 423 
informs me that he could see no differences between birds from the 
Orinoco region that had been separated as the subspecies nanus by 
Berlepsch and Hartert and those from northern Venezuela, including 
Curagao. Todd previously came to the same conclusion. Simon’s 
race orinocensis is likewise a synonym of caribaeus. 
THALURANIA FURCATA FISSILIS Berlepsch and Hartert: Venezuelan Wood Nymph 
Thalurania furcata fissilis BERLEPSCH and HartTErRt, Nov. Zool., vol. 9, 1902, 
p. 87 (Caura River, Venezuela). 
SPECIMENS COLLECTED 
14 ad. o’, 5 im. 0, 9 ad. 9, 2 im. 9, 2 im. -, Venezuela, Cerro Yapacana; 
Upper Orinoco, March 18—April 23, 1931. 
According to Gilliard (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 77, 1941, 
p. 472) birds from Caicara, Suapure, Guanoco, Mount Auydn-tepui 
and Mount Roraima, and from British Guiana are fissilis, and the 
race orenocensis Hellmayr, from Nericagua, differs from fissilis in 
having the crown lighter, more coppery green, less dusky green, 
and by having the iridescent band across the shoulders broader and 
richer, deeper purplish blue, less violet. Out of 14 adult males (and 
only the males show the subspecific characters) from Cerro Yapacana 
five would have to be called orenocensis and nine fissilis on these 
characters. Furthermore, as intimated under T. f. nigrofasciata, 
a few of them are hardly separable from that race. The extreme 
upper stretches of the Orinoco Basin seem to be the meeting place 
of nigrofasciata and fissilis, and the name orenocensis is based on 
the resulting conglomerate. It is considered most adequately 
treated as a synonym of jfissilis. The intermediate nature of the 
orenocensis population is further suggested by the fact that years ago 
Hellmayr (Nov. Zool., vol. 14, 1907, p. 78) wrote that they closely 
resembled the Peruvian race tschudii. 
THALURANIA FURCATA NIGROFASCIATA (Gould): Black-banded Wood Nymph 
Trochilus (— ?) nigrofasciata Goud, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1846, p. 89 (Rio 
Negro). 
SPECIMENS COLLECTED 
lad. # (=@), lad. 9, Brazil, Cucuhy, Rio Negro, February 3-8, 1930. 
1 im. — (o@), Brazil, Cachoeira Manajé6, Rio Cauabury, October 30, 1930. 
lim. ¢, lim.-(@ ?), Brazil, Rio Cauabury, above mouth of Rio J4, November 
4-5, 1930. 
_ lim. @, Brazil, Rio Cauabury, November 7, 1930. 
1— (oo), Brazil, Rio Maturac4, November 12, 1930. 
2 ad. 7 (1=@), lim. 2, Brazil, Salto do Hud, Rio Maturacé, November 
14-26, 1930. 
1 im. — (o@), 1 ad. 9, Brazil, Serra Imeri, near Salto do Hud, November 29- 
December 4, 1930. 
lad. #, 1im. o, Brazil, Sio Gabriel, Rio Negro, January 6, 1931. 
lim. 2, Colombian bank of Rfo Negro opposite San Carlos, January 29, 1931. 
