BIRDS FROM BRAZIL AND SOUTHERN VENEZUELA—FRIEDMANN 479 
lad. 9, Venezuela, Brazo Casiquiare, Chapazon, January 31, 1931. 
lad. 9, Venezuela, Brazo Casiquiare, Cafio Atamoni, February 6, 1931. 
lim. ¢, Venezuela, Brazo Casiquiare, below mouth of Rio Pacila, February 11, 
1931. 
1 ad. o&, Venezuela, Brazo Casiquiare, below Cafio Caripo, February 22, 1931. 
1 ad. &, Venezuela, Upper Orinoco, near Cerro Cariche, February 24, 1931. 
1 ad. @, Venezuela, Upper Orinoco, near Isla Temblador, February 25, 1931. 
lad. &, Venezuela, Upper Orinoco, San Antonio, March 8, 1931. 
2ad. #, 3ad. 9, Venezuela, Cerro Yapacana, Upper Orinoco, April 5-27, 1931. 
_ This fine series and a smaller amount of comparative material bear 
out Zimmer’s contention as to the conspecificity of colma and ruficeps 
(Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 584, 1932, pp. 10-12) and add nothing new 
to his discussion of colma and nigrifrons. The birds of the Upper Rio 
Negro, the Casiquiare, and the Upper Orinoco are an intermediate 
population showing tendencies to vary in the direction of colma and 
of nigrifrons, but are nearer to the former on the whole. 
The April birds were noted as being in breeding condition when 
collected. 
Two other specimens were preserved in alcohol; one was taken on 
the Rio Negro, February 9, 1931, and one at San Antonio, March 4, 
1931. 
PITHYS ALBIFRONS ALBIFRONS (Linnaeus): White-faced Antcatcher 
Pipra albifrons LINNAEUS, Systema naturae, ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 339 (based on 
‘‘The White-faced Manakin” Edwards, Gleanings of natural history, vol. 3, 
p. 280, pl. 344, fig. 1: “Guiana” = Cayenne). 
SPECIMENS COLLECTED 
Sad. #, lim. &, 5 ad. 9, Venezuela, Cerro Yapacana, Upper Orinoco, March 
28—April 29, 1931. 
The immature bird has the chin, throat, and forehead sooty like the 
back and lacks the crest. Most of the adults were noted as being in 
breeding condition when collected. 
Hellmayr (Catalogue of the birds of the Americas, pt. 3, 1924, p. 
297, footnote) writes that some specimens from the Upper Orinoco 
show evidences of transition from albifrons to peruviana. ‘‘Some are 
indistinguishable from typical albifrons; but three lack the white 
postocular streak and have more sooty gray on the lower throat . . . ” 
One of the present series (a female) has the postocular streak suffused 
with chestnut but the others are typical albifrons in every way. 
GYMNOPITHYS RUFIGULA RUFIGULA (Boddaert): Rufous-throated Antcatcher 
Turdus rufigula BoppaErt, Table des planches enluminéez . . ., 1783, p. 39 
(based on “Petit Merle brun & gorge rousse, de Cayenne’ Daubenton, 
Planches enlumineés .. ., pl. 644, fig. 2: Cayenne). 
SPECIMENS COLLECTED 
lim. 9, Brazil, Rio Cauabury, Amazonas, November 3, 1930. 
lad. 9, Brazil, Rio J4, Amazonas, November 3, 1930. 
1 ad. o’, Brazil, Serra Imeri, near Salto do Hud, November 29, 1939. 
