BIRDS FROM BRAZIL AND SOUTHERN VENEZUELA—FRIEDMANN 521 
These examples differ from the Rio Negro birds in being very 
slightly more olive, less greenish, as stated in the original description of 
this race. In the other characters said to be diagnostic of venezuelae 
they do not differ from the specimens of napaeum seen. The last 
word has not yet been said on the forms of this flycatcher in Venezuela. 
If these examples are typical venezuelae, as it seems they are, as others 
from there have been so identified by the describer, then a specimen 
from El Sombrero, Guarico, northern Venezuela, probably represents 
still another race, characterized by paler coloration, especially above, 
and slightly larger and heavier bill. This specimen, recorded as 
napaeum prior to the description of venezuelae (Wetmore, Proc. U. S. 
Nat. Mus., vol. 87, 1939, p. 234) agrees in coloration with pusillum 
of Caribbean Colombia but differs from that race in having a much 
heavier bill. Birds from Goajira Peninsula, Colombia, are pusillum. 
Phelps (Bol. Soc. Venez. Cienc. Nat., No. 56, 1943, p. 316) identifies 
a specimen from Machiques, Perijaé, extreme northwestern Venezuela 
as pusillum as well. Lest it be thought that the El Sombrero bird is 
merely an intergrade between pusillum and venezuelae let it be re- 
membered that it has a larger bill than either. 
From the material seen, C. 0. venezuelae is a doubtful form. 
TYRANNISCUS GRACILIPES GRACILIPES Sclater and Salvin: Slender-footed Tyrannulet 
Tyranniscus gracilipes Sc taTER and SAuvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867, p. 
981 (Pebds, Peru). 
SPECIMENS COLLECTED 
lim. 0, Brazil, Santa Isabel, Rio Negro, October 11, 1930. 
lad. o’, Venezuela, Raudal San Sebasti4n, Brazo Casiquiare, February 1, 1931. 
This is another of the many instances of races of birds that pass 
unchanged from the Amazonian into the Orinocoan fauna. Zimmer 
(Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 1109, 1941, p. 22) writes, on the basis of more 
extensive material, that ‘‘series from the upper Rio Negro, Brazil, 
Mount Duida, the Rio Casiquiare, and the upper Orinoco are in close 
agreement and obviously represent the same FOTN ios 
TYRANNULUS ELATUS (Latham): Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet 
Sylvia elata LATHAM, Index ornithologicus, vol. 2, 1790, p. 549 (based on Dauben- 
ton, Planches enluminées . . ., pl. 708, fig. 2: Cayenne). 
SPECIMENS COLLECTED 
1 ad. o’, Brazil, Mandos, October 2, 1930. 
2ad. o, Brazil, Santa Isabel, Rio Negro, October 15-17, 1930. 
3 ad. o, 2 ad. 2, Brazil, Sao Gabriel, Rio Negro, January 1-14, 1931. 
1 im. &, Venezuela, Upper Orinoco, right bank opposite Corocoro Island, 
March 15, 1931. 
Two of the January birds were in breeding condition when collected. 
Zimmer (Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 1126, 1941, p. 2) found, with an 
enormous series, that no races of this tyrannulet could be recognized. 
