BIRDS FROM BRAZIL AND SOUTHERN VENEZUELA—FRIEDMANN 543 
All these specimens are in rather worn plumage; the December bird 
is the least abraded. This is in keeping with the fact that the spring 
molt is late in this species, growing feathers being recorded on May 
specimens from New York by Dwight (Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 
vol. 13, 1900, p. 288). 
SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA TRICOLORA (P. L. 8. Miiller): Northern Redstart 
Motacilla tricolora P. L. 8. MULuer, Natursystem, Suppl., 1776, p. 175 (based on 
Buffon, Planches enluminées. . ., pl. 391, fig. 2: Cayenne). 
SPECIMENS COLLECTED 
4 ad. o', 2 ad. 9, Venezuela, Cerro Yapacana, Upper Orinoco, March 25- 
April 11, 1931. 
The small, relatively short bill, the small wing speculum of the 
males, and the lack of contrasting grayness on the crown and olive on 
the mantle in the females, place these specimens in this subspecies, 
only recently recognized as valid. Most of the arguments against the 
the validity of tricolora are due to a misconception of itsrange. It has 
been thought of as a northwestern breeding form, nesting in Montana, 
Idaho, and Washington, but it 1s really a northern race, extending 
eastward across Canada to Newfoundland. This, of course, accounts 
for the numerous eastern migrant specimens of tricolora mixed in with 
typical ruticilla from the eastern United States. 
The specimens are largely in worn plumage, although one of the 
males, taken March 26, has new brown-edged feathers on the upper 
back. 
GRANATELLUS PELZELNI PELZELNI Sclater: Pelzeln’s Red-breasted Chat 
Granatellus pelzelni SctateR, Proc. Zool. Suc. London, 1864, p. 606, pl. 27, upper 
fig. (Destacamento do Ribeirfo, Rio Madeira, Brazil). 
SPECIMEN COLLECTED 
1 ad. @, Brazil, Santa Isabel, Rio Negro, Amazonas, October 17, 1930. 
I have compared this specimen with 14 others of like sex from the 
Tapajéz and Madeira Rivers, Brazil, and from localities on the Caura 
and Mato Rivers, and El Callao, Venezuela. There is considerable 
variation in the extent of the black on the top of the head, some almost 
agreeing with the description of G. p. paraensis Rothschild (but 
differing from that race and agreeing with pelzelni in having a large 
white postocular mark, and in having white on the sides and lower 
abdomen). On the whole it appears that the more western birds 
(Upper Caura River, Venezuela, and Santa Isabel, Brazil) have less 
black on their crowns than do more eastern examples (Tapajé6z River, 
Brazil, and El Callao, Venezuela). Specimens from near the type 
locality, on the Madeira River, are nearer to the northwestern birds 
in this respect. However, an example from the Suapure area, Vene- 
zuela, which should have less extensive black has the whole crown and 
