BIRDS FROM BRAZIL AND SOUTHERN VENEZUELA—FRIEDMANN 545 
only slightly mottled with chestnut. Although it has such a small 
bill, it is considered larger in its other dimensions than the Guianan 
male (wing 235 as against 222, tail 162 as against 158 mm.). There 
is no size difference between the present females and one from British 
Guiana, except in the bill, which varies from 52-53 mm. in the Vene- 
zuelan-Brazilian birds as against 55 mm. in the Guianan example. 
The extent of the dusky olive on the lateral rectrix is very variable; 
in some specimens the entire outer web and the inner part of the tip 
of the inner web are of this color, while in others it may be reduced to 
a small terminal fleck on the outer web. This range of variation is 
apparently independent of age or geography. 
The two immature females are paler than the adults both in the 
green and in the chestnut-colored parts. 
In the absence of birds from eastern Peru, the arrangement arrived 
at by Hellmayr (Catalogue of the birds of the Americas, pt. 10, 1937, 
p. 16) is followed and flavescens is considered inseparable. This ac- 
counts for the binomial heading used here. 
CACICUS CELA CELA (Linnaeus): Yellow-rumped Cacique 
Parus cela LinNAnus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, vol. 1, 1758, p. 193 (‘Sn Indiis,’’ 
errore; Surinam substituted by Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., vol. 18, 1866, p. 20). 
SPECIMENS COLLECTED 
1 @ ad., Santa Isabel, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil, October 13, 1930. 
1 of ad., 2 2 ad., Sao Gabriel, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil, December 30, 
1930—January 6, 1931. 
2 g ad., Puerto Ayacucho, Venezuela, January 5-6, 1930. 
1 9 ad., Raudal San Sebastidn, Brazo Casiquiare, Venezuela, February 2, 
1931. 
lim. 0, San Antonio, Upper Orinoco, Venezuela, March 9, 1931. 
1 @ ad., Cerro Yapacana, Upper Orinoco, Venezuela, April 29, 1931. 
1 fi ad.,1 9 ad., Puerto Ayacucho, Rfo Orinoco, Venezuela, May 21, 1931. 
These 11 specimens have been compared with a long series from 
many parts of the range of the race and no peculiarities were noted. 
The amount of plumbeous coloring on the basal part of the bill varies 
greatly ; some specimens have none while others have both the maxilla. 
and the mandible extensively tinged with it. 
At Raudal San Sebastian these birds were nesting. Holt collected 
two sets of two eggs each there on February 2, 1931. 
A specimen, not listed above, was collected at Sao Gabriel, January 
10, 1931, and was preserved in alcohol. 
PSOMOCOLAX ORYZIVORUS ORYZIVORUS (Gmelin): Rice Grackle 
Oriolus oryzivorus GMELIN, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 1, 1788, p. 386 (based om 
“Rice Oriole’ Latham, A general synopsis of birds, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 423: 
Cayenne). 
