BIRDS FROM BRAZIL AND SOUTHERN VENEZUELA—FRIEDMANN 547 
tail and bill than the female, as may be seen from the following measure- 
ments: Male—wing 105.3, tail 97, culmen from base 22.8 mm.; 
female—wing 98, tail 100, culmen from base 24.2 mm. 
Another example was taken at Puerto Ayacucho, Rio Orinoco, 
January 8, 1930, and was preserved in alcohol. 
ICTERUS NIGROGULARIS NIGROGULARIS (Hahn): Yellow Oriole 
Xanthornus nigrogularis nigrogularis Haun, V6gel aus Asien, Afrika, Amerika 
und Neuholland, livr. 5, 1819, pl. 1 (‘‘Jamaica, Mexico, and Cayenne’”’; type 
from ‘‘Brazil’’). 
SPECIMENS COLLECTED 
2 of ad., Soledad, Venezuela, Dec. 4, 1929. 
Both specimens are in fairly fresh plumage; one has the pale tips 
of the rectrices worn off on all but the outermost pair. 
Compared with a long series from Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, 
and British Guiana, these two individuals appear very richly tinged 
with orange on the sides of the throat and breast. They are well 
above the average in this respect (males only being considered, the 
females yellower). 
GYMNOMYSTAX MEXICANUS (Linnaeus): Black and Yellow Oriole 
Oriolus mexicanus LinnNaEus, Systema naturae, ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 162 (based 
on “Le Troupiale brun de la Nouvelle Espagne” Brisson, Ornithologie, vol. 
2, p. 105= Mexico, errore: Cayenne substituted as type locality Berlepsch 
and Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 9, 1902, p. 32). 
SPECIMENS COLLECTED 
1 9 im., Ciudad Bolfvar, Venezuela, November 25, 1929. 
1 o im., Soledad, Venezuela, November 29, 1929, 
1 9 ad., Puerto Ayacucho, January 4, 1930. 
-The two immature birds show signs of molt in the wings, and have 
most of the crown and occiput solid black broken in front by a yellow 
median intrusion from the forehead. ‘The old (juvenal) remiges are 
dark clove brown, not blackish as in adults. 
The adult female is a very large bird with a wing length of 135 mm. 
in which it is exceeded by no other in the series available for compar- 
ison, and equaled only by one from Cayenne. The size variation in 
this species is very great, however, and apparently has no geographic 
correlation. 
STURNELLA MAGNA PRATICOLA Chubb: Guianan Meadowlark 
Sturnella magna praticola CHussB, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 8, 1921, p. 
445 (Abary River, British Guiana). 
SPECIMENS COLLECTED 
2 @ ad., Puerto Ayacucho, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela, May 20-21, 1931. 
Although available comparative material is rather scanty (1 
praticola, 2 paralios, and 9 meridionalis) the present specimens are 
