554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 97 
1 ad. o’, Soledad, Venezuela, December 4, 1929. 
lad. 9, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela, June 10, 1931. 
In adult birds the edges of the remiges and their upper coverts. 
vary from quite greenish (“bluish gray green’’) to bluish (“dark green 
blue gray’’), and the forehead and anterior portion of the crown vary 
in the presence or absence of a sprinkling of greenish feathers among 
the golden tawny ones. The extent and intensity of the blue on the 
throat and breast are also very variable. Hellmayr (Catalogue of the 
birds of the Americas, pt. 9, 1936, p. 159, footnote) quotes Sclater 
to the effect that this blue is brighter in Peruvian birds. This is 
borne out by the series studied in the present connection, a bird from 
the head waters of the Huallaga River being the most bluish one 
examined. It is, however, no larger in size than Venezuelan examples, 
contrary to Sclater’s observations. - 
The northern Venezuelan-Colombian race fulvescens Todd seems 
to me to be founded on rather slight characters. It is said to differ 
from the nominate race in being somewhat larger and paler, the 
coloration throughout, but especially above, being more silvery, less 
buffy. Two adults from Aragua and La Victoria, which, by geog- 
raphy, should be fulvescens, are doubtfuily different from the present 
series from the Upper Orinoco. 
The immature females resemble the adults of that sex but lack the 
orange-tawny ‘‘cap,”’ having the top of the head like the upper back 
but washed with dull olive-yellow, and they also differ from adults in 
having the chin and throat less suffused with greenish gray. 
THRAUPIS EPISCOPUS EPISCOPUS (Linnaeus): Bishop Tanager 
Tanagra Episcopus LINNAEUS, Systema naturae, ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 316 (based 
on “L’Evesque”’ Brisson, Ornithologie, vol. 3, p. 40, pl. 1, fig. 2: ‘Bresil’” = 
Cayenne, Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., vol. 15, 1908, p. 115). 
SPECIMENS COLLECTED 
1 ad. 9, Mandos (Flores Tramway), Amazonas, Brazil, September 27, 1930. 
2ad. &, lad. 9, 1im. o, Santa Isabel, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil, October 
9-17, 1930. 
3 ad. o', 1 ad. 2, Sao Gabriel, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil, January 2-17, 
1931. 
lim. o, Cucuhy, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil, February 6, 1930. 
lad. o&, 2 ad. 9,1 im. 9, Puerto Ayacucho, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela, May 
11-19, 19381. 
1 ad. o, Puerto Ayacucho, Rfo Orinoco, Venezuela, January 6, 19380. 
A study of the present fine series, together with a larger one still, 
reveals so much individual variation in the degree and extent of the 
whitish humeral patch and the pale edgings of the greater upper wing 
coverts that one is led, by inference, to question the validity of T”. e. 
leucoptera (Sclater) of the eastern slope of the eastern Andes of Co- 
