REFERENCES 
Bar- Yosef, O. 
1993. The role of western Asia in modern human origins. Jn M. J. Aitken, C. B. 
Stringer, and P. A. Mellars (eds.), The origin of modern humans and the 
impact of chronometric dating: 132—147. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. 
Press. 
Bermudez de Castro, J. M., J. L. Arsuaga, E. Carbonell, A. Rosas, I. Martinez, and 
M. Mosquera 
1997. A hominid from the Lower Pleistocene of Atapuerca, Spain: Possible an- 
cestor to Neandertals and modern humans. Science 276: 1392-1395. 
Binford, L. 
1981. Bones: Modern men and ancient myths. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. 
Gould, S. J., and N. Eldredge 
1993. Punctuated equilibria comes of age. Nature 366: 223-227. 
Gould, S. J., and E. Vrba 
1982. Exaptation: A missing term in the science of form. Paleobiology 8: 4—15. 
Johanson, D., and B. Edgar 
1966. From Lucy to language. New York: Simon and Schuster. 
Laitman, J. T. 
1988. Speech (Origins of). /n I. Tattersall, E. Delson, and J. Van Couvering 
(eds.), Encyclopedia of human evolution and prehistory: 539-540. New 
York: Garland. 
Leakey, L. S. B., P. V. Tobias, and J. R. Napier 
1964. A new species of the genus Homo from Olduvai Gorge. Nature 202: 7-9. 
Leakey, M. G., C. Feibel, I. MacDougall, and A. C. Walker 
1995. New four million-year-old hominid from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya. 
Nature 376: 565-571. 
Leroi-Gourhan, A. 
1968. Le Nedanderthalien ITV de Shanidar. Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique 
Francaise, Comptes Rendus des Seances Mensuelles 65(3): 79-83. 
Marks, A. E. 
1983. The Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in the Levant. Adv. World 
Archaeol. 2: 51—98. 
Marshack, A. 
1985. Hierarchical evolution of the human capacity. New York: American Mu- 
seum of Natural History. 
Martin, R. D. 
1983. Human brain evolution in an ecological context. New York: American 
Museum of Natural History. 
Mayr, E. 
1966. Animal species and evolution. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. 
McLarnon, A. 
1993. The vertebral canal. In The Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton: 359— 
390. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press. 
Ohnuma, K., K. Aoki, and T. Akazawa 
1997. Transmission of tool-making through verbal and non-verbal communica- 
26 
