Superior 

 parietal lobe 



Frontal 

 eye field 



Temporoparietal 

 junction 



Thalamus 



Pulvinar 



Superior 

 colliculus 



Fig. 1 . Triangles mark the anatomy of the network involved in self-regulation 

 from imaging studies. The anatomy for alerting and orienting is also shown (from 

 Posner and Rothbart, 2007). 



verbal, spatial, and object tasks selected from intelligence tests that 

 had in common a strong loading on the factor of general intelli- 

 gence. These items were contrasted with perceptually similar control 

 items that did not require the kind of attention and thought involved 

 in general intelligence. This subtraction led to differential activity 

 in two major areas. One was the anterior cingulate and the second 

 was lateral prefrontal cortex. 



Conflict 



Many imaging studies have been conducted using either the 

 Stroop task or variants of it that involve conflict among elements 

 (Bush et al., 2000). The Stroop task requires that a person respond 

 to the color of ink in which a competing color word is represented 

 (fig. 2a). In the version of the Stroop task that was used with pri- 

 mates trained to appreciate the quantity of a digit (see fig. 2b) it was 

 found that both humans and macaques took additional time to re- 



