On the Spermatophores of Octopus Americana. 47 
Puate II. 
8. Oral end of a spermatophore after the cap has broken and disappeared, X 63 diameters. 
A ridge, which is probably more properly referred to as the margin of the outer 
tunic, remains behind and for convenience in marking the position is labeled in 
this and subsequent figures the same as the cap by the letter c. The liquid 
material of the hyaline core Hc’ is shown being liberated into the water. 
9. Oral end of a spermatophore at a slightly more advanced stage in ejaculation, X 14 
diameters. 
10. Oral end of the spermatophore shown by figure 9, X 63 diameters. It frequently 
happens, as shown in this figure, that the ridge to which the cap was attached (c) 
is reflected so that the free edge points backward. This is evidently due to the 
force exerted on the outer tunic by the attached middle membrane which draws 
the tunic in somewhat and by the enlargement of the softer membranes immediately 
upon leaving the confining outer tunic. The wrinkling that is shown near the point 
of turning of the middle membrane (PT) is pronounced as soon as the turning is well 
started. It is evidently due to the fact that the middle membrane is made up of a 
thin sheet wound around the central hyaline core. This allows some coats of the 
tunic to wrinkle while others are stretched. In this as in other specimens the 
reflecting of the individual layers can be traced from the point pr to the free 
evaginating end. They have not been shown in the figures, as they would be 
confusing. 
11. Oral end of a spermatophore at a slightly more advanced stage of ejaculation than the 
one shown by figure 10, X 24 diameters. As the ejaculatory apparatus uncoils 
the torsion caused by the evaginating tube throws its extremity into a spiral that 
becomes longer and more pronounced the more the original coil is straightened. 
12. Oral portion of a spermatophore during ejaculation, < 12 diameters. The stage is 
more advanced than that shown by figure 11. The original spiral coiling of the 
ejaculatory apparatus has straightened and the torsion that causes the end of the 
evaginating tube to be thrown in a spiral is accordingly at its greatest. This 
specimen shows the lumps of material derived from the hyaline core adhering to 
the evaginated tube more prominently than is usually the case. The numbers 13, 
14, and 15, placed along the side of this drawing, indicate the positions of more 
highly magnified drawings that bear the same numbers. 
13. Extremity of the specimen shown by figure 12, X 50 diameters. The position is indi- 
cated by the side of figure 12 by the number 13. 
14. Region of the point of turning of the specimen shown by figure 12, X 50 diameters. 
The position is indicated by the side of figure 12 by the number 14. 
15. A portion of the evaginating ejaculatory apparatus of the specimen shown by figure 12, 
< 50 diameters. The position is indicated by the side of figure 12 by the number 
15. This shows a large mass of the material derived from the hyaline core adhering 
to the surface. 
Puate III. 
16. A spermatophore that has evaginated to the point where the ejaculatory apparatus 
retards the evagination until the pressure swells the end that is evaginating, X 10 
diameters. The specimen has been drawn in sections and the connections indi- 
cated by dotted lines. The remaining portion of the ejaculatory apparatus has 
been thrown into a spiral coil, probably because of the torsion exerted by evagina- 
tion together with the pressure from behind. The sperm thread that forms the 
sperm mass has uncoiled for some distance. At a little later stage a considerable 
portion of the remaining ejaculatory apparatus is evaginated and the sperm thread 
is pushed down against it. At this time the swelling at the end is much greater 
than that shown in this figure. When the evagination of the ejaculatory apparatus 
is complete the sperm thread is set at liberty and immediately begins to push out 
through the opening. 
17. Extremity of the fully evaginated ejaculatory apparatus with the sperm thread escaping, 
X 24 diameters. In this specimen, as frequently happens, the side of the ejacu- 
latory apparatus has ruptured near its extremity and the sperm thread is escaping 
through the rupture. Some of the granular liquid is seen escaping by the side 
of the sperm thread. 
