58 Papers from the Department of Marine Biology. 
There are several other species which are so little known that they 
might perhaps well be included in this list, but as they are known from 
at least two different localities it seems fairer to include them in one 
of the following groups: 
The first or tropicopolitan group includes only two species, each of 
which is small and well-adapted by its habits for transportation on 
the foul bottoms of vessels. It seems highly probable that their wide 
distribution is thus quite artificial and has no significance from the 
zoogeographical point of view. The two species are: Amphipholis 
squamata and Ophiactis savignyi. The first of these is really cosmo- 
politan, for it occurs far outside the tropics, both north and south. 
Of the remaining 42 species, one-half are widely distributed in the 
tropical Atlantic and under favorable conditions their occurrence may 
be expected anywhere between South Carolina and Brazil. Only 5 
of them are as yet recorded from north of Florida on the mainland 
coast, but 15 have been reported from the Bahamas and 14 from 
the Bermudas; 5 are already recorded from the eastern Atlantic, and 
when the littoral faunas of Ascension and the western coast of Africa 
are better known, it is probable that others will be found there; 18 are 
already reported from Brazil. These 22 tropical Atlantic species are 
the following: 
Ophiomyxa flaccida. Ophiocoma echinata. 
Astrophyton muricatum. pumila. 
Amphiura stimpsonu. riisel. 
Hemipholis elongata. Ophiopsila riisei. 
Ophiostigma isacanthum. Ophioderma appressum. 
Amphiodia planispina. brevicaudum. 
repens. brevispinum. 
Ophioenida scabriuscula. cinereum. 
Ophiozona impressa. 
Ophiolepis elegans. 
paucispina. 
Ophiothrix angulata. 
suensonil. 
Ophionereis reticulata. 
The line between the preceding group and that which I call the 
strictly West Indian is not a hard-and-fast one, but the following 
species are not known from south or east of Tobago and Trinidad and 
only two occur on the mainland coast north of Florida; one of these 
and a third species occur at Bermuda. Only one species in the group 
is known from the Bahamas. These 13 West Indian species are: 
Amphiura vivipara. Ophiactis lymani. 
Ophiophragmus liitkeni. 
septus. 
wurdemanii. 
Ophionema intricata. 
Amphipholis gracillima. 
Amphiodia pulchella. 
Ophiothrix brachyactis. 
cerstedil. 
Ophionereis squamulosa. 
Ophioderma guttatum. 
rubicundum. 
A number of species in the tropical Atlantic and West Indian groups 
need a word of comment. Of Amphiura stimpsonii, specimens in really 
