Distribution of Littoral Echinoderms of the West Indies. 59 
shallow water have not been taken south of St. Thomas. The dis- 
tribution of Hemipholis elongata is remarkable, for the species seems 
to be common at Charleston (South Carolina) and has been taken in 
Florida, but it has not been met with in the West Indies proper, 
although it is recorded from Trinidad and Brazil. The occurrence of 
Amphiodia planispina at the Tortugas, Porto Rico, and Brazil seems 
to warrant placing it in the tropical Atlantic class. The occurrence 
of Ophioderma brevispinum in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, gives the 
characteristically West Indian genus Ophioderma a remarkable north- 
ern extension. The little species Amphiura vivipara is known as yet 
from only the Tortugas and Tobago, but it has just recently been 
described and is so small and so secretive in its habits that it has 
doubtless been overlooked elsewhere. The species of Ophiophragmus 
are still very imperfectly known; liitkeni (originally taken at St. 
Thomas) is common at Pigeon Point, Tobago, but is not known from 
elsewhere; septus (also originally from St. Thomas) is known now from 
off Cape Hatteras, in 52 fathoms, as well as from Tobago; wurdemanit, 
originally from South Carolina and Florida, is recorded from Trinidad. 
It seems to me quite probable that this last record is erroneous. The 
extraordinary Ophionema intricata, originally described from St. 
Thomas, is not rare at Sandy Point, Buccoo Bay, Tobago, but is not 
known from elsewhere. The records of Amphiodia pulchella,from 
Tortugas and St. Lucia, are indicative of a general West Indian range. 
Of Ophiactis lymani, we can only say that its small size and secretive 
habits are the probable reason for the scarcity of records, since it 
occurs at the Tortugas as well as at Bermuda and Tobago. The 
Tortugas and Tobago are the only known localities for Ophiothrix 
brachyactis, while Ophionereis squamulosa is common at both those 
places and is also known from St. Thomas. It is probable that the 
brittle-stars, recorded by me from Porto Rico (1901, Bull. U. S. Fish. 
Com., 2, p. 248) as O. dubia, are really squamulosa. The remarkable 
Ophioderma guttatum, originally described from St.Thomas, occurs along 
the north coast of Jamaica but is very rare, while it is common and 
reaches a large size on Buccoo Reef, Tobago; it is not known elsewhere. 
There remain 7 species, which seem to represent different faunal 
elements from those as yet listed. Of these, only one issoutherninits 
relationships. This is Ophioderma januarit, a Brazilian species, which 
israre at Tobago. There is no species with a Mediterranean affiliation, 
though the occurrence of such characteristic West Indian genera as Ophi- 
opsila and Ophioderma in the Mediterranean must not be overlooked. 
The following 6 species may be grouped as northern in their distri- 
bution: 
Amphiura palmeri. Amphioplus abditus. 
kukenthali. Ophiothrix lineata. 
Ophionephthys limicola. Ophionereis olivacea. 
