Distribution of Littoral Echinoderms of the West Indies. 67 
and 26 on the coasts of peninsular Florida. It is notable that all 
of the echini and brittle-stars occurring at Bermuda are found also 
at Tobago. It would be hard to bring out more clearly how dis- 
tinctively West Indian the echinoderm fauna of Bermuda is. The 
only non-West-Indian elements in it are the sea-star, Coscinasterias 
tenuispina, of the Mediterranean, which was possibly introduced by 
means of ship-bottoms, and the northern synaptids, whose occurrence 
is difficult to explain. 
JAMAICA. 
The echinoderm fauna of Jamaica is rich and varied, including 62 
species of the present list and more than a dozen as yet unidentified 
holothurians. Indeed, the holothurians form a very conspicuous 
feature of the fauna on the reefs and in shallow water. Intensive 
collecting of echinoderms has been carried on at three widely separated 
points on the Jamaican coast: Montego Bay and Port Antonio near 
the western and eastern ends respectively of the northern coast, and 
in the vicinity of Port Royal on the southern coast. The last is much 
the best region, the so-called “lakes” at Port Royal, the rocky coast 
across the harbor entrance and the outside cays, particularly Drunken- 
man Cay, affording a diversity of habitats that is very productive. 
Both Port Antonio and Montego Bay yielded species not taken else- 
where, but it is quite probable that they will be found in the Port 
Royal region when it is fully explored. 
Of the 62 species, not a single one is endemic. More than half 
(33) belong to the general tropical Atlantic fauna, while 14 are char- 
acteristically West Indian. There are 6 tropicopolitan forms. Only 
a single species is indicative of southern affinities, but 8 are plainly 
northern. There are 52 species in common with the Tortugas, 47 in 
common with St. Thomas, and 42 in common with Tobago, but only 
34 in common with Bermuda. More sea-stars and more holothurians 
are known from Jamaica than from any other place, but the number 
of brittle-stars is small, there being five other areas from which more 
brittle-stars are known. There is little doubt that the number of 
mud-inhabiting ophiurans known from Jamaica will be considerably 
increased by further collecting in suitable areas. 
PORTO RICO. 
The echinoderm fauna of Porto Rico is not rich either in number 
of species or (in most places) in number of individuals. It is remark- 
ably like that of Jamaica, all of the sea-stars, all the echini, and all 
but one of the holothurians being common to the two islands, while 
all of the 6 brittle-stars recorded from Porto Rico but not yet known 
from Jamaica are mud-loving species which will very probably be 
found in suitable localities at the British island. With both St. 
Thomas and the Tortugas, Porto Rico has 43 species in common but 
with Tobago only 33 and with Bermuda only 28. Of the Bermudan 
