CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME. 



65 



Fig. 42. The deep-bodied anchovy (Ancltovialla coiiiprcssus). 



This anchovy grows to a length of five inches, and is found only on 

 the southern California coast where it is abundant. Its flesh is thin and 

 dry, and as a pan fish it can not be compared with the other two 

 anchovies. 



THE HERRING AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HERRING 

 INDUSTRY IN CALIFORNIA. 



By N. B. 



SCOFIELD. in Charge, Department of Commercial Fisheries, California 

 Fish and Game Commission. 



The herring, of which there are several species, are found in the 

 northern salt waters of both hemispheres. They are small silvery fishes, 

 not usually exceeding twelve inches in length, but what they lack in size 

 they make up in numbers, for they appear along the coast during their 

 spawning seasons in vast schools and are caught by the fishermen princi- 

 pally at that time. 



The herring catch in Europe in the year 1909 exceeded one and one- 

 quarter billion pounds, valued at $21,500,000. The herring fisheries on 

 the Atlantic coast of North America, while not as extensive as those of 

 Europe, are, nevertheless, of great importance. In the state of Maine 

 many millions of pounds of young herring are taken annually in traps 

 or weirs and canned as sardines, but the principal herring fisheries are 

 around Newfoundland, where the mature fish are caught and cured, 

 either by salting or smoking. 



The Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, is found along the Pacific coast 

 of North America from Alaska to Morro Bay in California, and south 

 along the Siberian and Japanese coasts. Although a different species 

 from that of the Atlantic, it is very closely related and is probably its 

 ecpial in quality. So far the herring fisheries of the Pacific coast have 

 not been greatly developed, for the reason that there is a prejudice 

 against the Pacific herring, and the markets prefer the herring of the 

 Atlantic, especially those coming from Scotland and Norway. This 

 prejudice has, no doubt, been mostly due to lack of knowledge and a 

 lack of care in preserving the fish on this coast. The first herring 

 packed from British Columbia and Alaska did not come up to the 

 standard of the European product and the trade immediately concluded 



'''" BURUNQAME 



pvieuc 



