K0.2229. FOSSTL PLANTS FROM BOLIVIA— BERRY. 121 



Tliis characteristic species is represented by fragments in the 

 present collection, but a complete leaf is reproduced from Engel- 

 hardt's figure. It is clearly referable to Podocarpus, belonging to 

 the section Ewpodocaryus of Endhcher, and is comparable with the 

 existing Podocarpus lamberti Klotzsch of middle and southern Brazil. 



The existing species of Podocarpus number over 40 species and they 

 are as dominant representatives of the Coniferales in the Southern 

 Hemisphere as are the pines in the northern. They extend north- 

 ward to China and Japan through the East Indian region and to 

 Jamaica and Central America in the Western Hemisphere, and have 

 representatives in aU three of the great southern land masses, as well 

 as in Madagascar and New Zealand. This distribution is suggestive 

 of a long geological history in keeping with which certain forms 

 from the British Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous and the American 

 Lower Cretaceous are referred to the genus Nageiopsis . and con- 

 sidered as the prototypes of the Nageia section of Podocarpus, which 

 should probably be raised to its former position of generic rank. 

 Some 15 or more fossil species of Podocarpus have been described 

 chiefly from the European Tertiary, and no conclusively identified 

 fossil forms, other than the present species, have beeA discovered on 

 the American continents. The section Eupodocarpus (Endlicher) to 

 which the present fossil species belongs comprises over 30 existing 

 species, almost as widely distributed as the genus, with several West 

 Indian and South American species, but found also in Africa, Asia, 

 Australia, and New Zealand. All of these are much alike and the 

 fossil might be successfully compared with almost any one of them. 

 Podocarpus is not found at the present time west of the front range 

 of the Andes, but is represented by two or more species in the forests 

 of the eastern slopes, the so-called Ceja region of Herzog.^ In 

 northern Peru it is also found in the lateral valleys inside the front 

 range, the most widespread form being Podocarpus oleifolius, a 

 shrubby or arborescent form, which in latitude 6° reaches altitudes 

 up to 3,300 meters on the eastern slopes of the central CordiUera. 



ANGIOSPERMOPHYTA. 



Class MONOCOTYLEDONAE. 



Order POALES. 



Family POACEAE. 



Genus FESTUCA Linnaeus. 



FESTUCA, species. 



Plate 15, figs. 3, 4. 

 Description. — Flowering scales rounded on the back, about 7 mm. 

 long, longitudinally veined, awned. The latter about as long or twice 

 as long as the scale. 



1 Herzog, Tb., Pflanzenformationen Ost Bolivias, 1910. 



