NO. 2235. HOPI INDIAN COLLECTION— HOUGH. 239 



in comparison with the Navaho, who are the best hoi'semen in the 

 Southwest. 



The Hopi depend almost entirely upon their flocks of sheep and 

 goats for the material for clothing and for animal food. The sheep 

 apparently do not differ from those of the Navaho, whose flocks are 

 mostly mongrel interbred animals whose fleece is coarse and full of 

 chaffy useless fibers called kemp by wool graders. The fiber is very 

 strong and serves well for the manufacture of coarse stuffs. Hopi 

 sheep are herded with goats whose courage and aggressiveness serve 

 to protect the weaker sheep. The flocks are constantly tended by 

 herders while grazing. At nightfall they are driven into stone cor- 

 rals, located on the wide ledges just below the pueblo. The herders 

 are usually women and children, but the men also are charged with 

 the responsibility when the numerous ceremonials do not require their 

 attention. A crook is used in herding and the sheep are sheared with 

 the iron shears of commerce. Sundry piles of stone set up in various 

 places are said to be for the purpose of guiding the herders in driv- 

 ing their charges, probably with regard to the boundaries of com- 

 munal or clan lands. 



Chickens are kept in some number for eggs, which are sold to the 

 white people when the latter can be induced to buy. Sometimes a 

 coop is built on the house roof for the chickens, but usually they 

 roost in the rooms. They do not thrive, principally on account of in- 

 sect pests. 



Dogs are plentiful in the Hopi villages, where they lie around 

 sleeping in the shade all day. Their nocturnal habits appear in the 

 excursions, yelping and fighting, in which they engage after sun- 

 down in the pueblos. They are mongrels of little use except as 

 scavengers and for hunting rabbits. Cats are very scarce and die 

 soon under the severe conditions as to food and water in the pueblos. 



DOMESTIC ECONOMY. 



The Pueblos are better provided with vessels for various domestic 

 use than any other tribes, and this accords with their great advance- 

 ment in domestic science. With apparently small advantages to 

 be derived from an environment that seems to offer little for mate- 

 rial needs, the Hopi present a striking example of resourcefulness. 

 The chief necessity in this arid region is for containers adapted 

 for water, salt, seeds, for cooking purposes, and other multifarious 

 uses; and this need was supplied by pottery, which even at the 

 earliest time at which the Hopi are known to investigators was 

 greatly diversified in form, texture, and ornamentation. Plate 23 

 shows: Figure 1, a dipper; figure 2, a salt vessel; figure 3, a condi- 

 ment bowl ; figures 4 and 8, bottle forms for water ; figure 6, spoon ; 

 figure 5, a water vase ; and figure 7, a food bowl. 



