NO. 2235. HOPl INDIAN COLLECTION— ROUGH. 289 



known to have been used in Mexico and which have come down 

 to recent times among the northwest coast tribes and Eskimos. 



While objects which appear to be shields of the flimsiest char- 

 acter are made use of by the Hopi in ceremonies, no effective shield 

 has ever been found among them. A large basketry shield is noted 

 from the ancient ruins of the Canyon de Chelly.^ This forms the 

 only evidence that the shield was used by the ancient Pueblos. The 

 eastern Pueblos used shields, and it is worthy of consideration 

 whether they were introduced from the plains. 



There is no trace of the throw stick among the Hopi, nor has it 

 survived in any of the southwestern tribes, though formerly its use 

 was widespread. There is evidence that the throw stick had been 

 invested with a ceremonial character even in ancient times among 

 the Pueblos, a feature which often marks the decline and disuse of 

 an implement. It is improbable that the stone axe or stone head 

 club ever had important or general use as warlike implements of the 

 Hopi, which seems to be borne out by the scarcity of such stone age 

 relics in the ancient ruins. Nevertheless, a weapon or implement, 

 called pu u kong^ traditionally having a stone head, has given its 

 name to one of the Hopi ceremonies. It may be possible that the 

 stone head club mentioned was the peculiar weapon of one of the 

 clans aggregated to the Hopi in former times and retained as a 

 ceremonial element in the rites observed by the clan. The charac- 

 teristic weapons of the Hopi appear to have been the bow and arrow 

 and the wooden club. There is a tradition that a stick curved at 

 one end like a shepherd's crook was anciently used as a weapon, but 

 in a manner not explained. These crooks are associated with war- 

 riors in ceremonies and it is surmised that they may have been used 

 for hurling darts somewhat as the throw stick. Frank Hamilton 

 Gushing suggested the evolution of the bow from a stick of this 

 kind having a cord stretched from the end of the crook to the straight 

 part of the shaft, a dart being projected in a manner intermediate 

 between the method by the bow and throw stock. The sling, which, 

 with the throw stick, seems to be connected with the development 

 of the bow, was never an aboriginal weapon of the Hopi. 



The warrior according to Hopi ideas is represented in plate 52. 

 The older weapons have become playthings for children, for whom 

 are made bows, arrows, targets, clubs, etc. These weapons have also 

 survived as ceremonial objects and one of the chief contributions of 

 religion to the history of culture is the preservation of obsolete forms. 



GAMES AND MUSIC. 



Athletic games are limited among the Hopi, the game of shinney 

 or bandy being almost the only open-air sport. The shinney is a 



1 24th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. E^.hnol., pi. 1. 

 3343— 19— Proc.N.M.vol.54 20 



