290 PBOCEEDINOS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.54. 



stout curved club of Gambell's oak, brought from the mountains to 

 the north, the ball being of buckskin stuifed with wool (pi. 47, figs. 1, 

 2). Foot races, hunts, and melees in the basket dance are ceremonial. 

 Games of pursuit and capture follow the snake dance and are not 

 considered sports, but general expressions of good feeling. 



Children's games and toys consist of buzzers (pi. 47, fig. 4), tops 

 which are actuated by a whip (pi. 47, fig. 6) ; handball (pi. 47, fig. 

 7) ; and pea shooters of gourd and yucca stalk, the spring being a 

 strip of elastic wood (pi. 47, figs. 5 and 8). 



The Hopi have a variety of the guessing game, widely dissemi- 

 nated among the Indians. For this game they use four cylinders of 

 wood excavated at one end into a cup-shape cavity and decorated 

 with painting, burnt work, carving and feathers (pi. 48, figs. 1-4 and 

 5-8, two sets. Cat. No. 128763 and 22330, U.S.N.M., collected by 

 Mrs. M. C. Stevenson and Major J. W. Powell, respectively). The 

 game is played by hiding a small object beneath one of the cups, hav- 

 ing the opponents guess where it is concealed. A bundle of scoring 

 straws keep the record. 



The cups figured on plate 48 are excellent specimens of work in 

 wood, and of decoration, especially by pyroligny. 



The kicking game of the Zuni and other southwestern tribes does 

 not occur among the Hopi. Mention has been made of the custom of 

 shooting with bow and arrow and of throwing stones at a mark. 

 Feather darts of corncob are thrown at a rotating ring of corn husk 

 (pi. 47, fig. 3). This game, which is called "Motoun," throwing the 

 wheel, is ancient in the Pueblo region. It is played by boys. Women 

 in the Owaculti ceremony throw arrows at a similar wheel. ^ 



Hopi children, having few toys, are compelled by the exercise of 

 imagination to make the simplest objects serve in their child drama- 

 play. It is interesting to observe the seriousness with Avhich the 

 little children conduct their play and the great psychologic reac- 

 tions stimulated by a few corn husks, bits of stone, etc., gathered 

 and spread out in some quiet place serving as the imaginary theatre. 

 The Hopi are very fond of their children and do as much as they are 

 able to contribute to their amusement. The practical side of most 

 amusements is generally uppermost and play and education for future 

 duties are cunningly combined. Objects in miniature are made for 

 children. The potter constructs toy vessels, rattles, and dolls (pi. 

 49, figs. 1, 2, and 3), and sometimes manufactures models of houses 

 (pi. 49, fig. 5). Toy cradles (pi. 49, fig. 4) are the most common 

 and the most prized possession of the little girls. A little boy is 

 given a bow and target. It is difficult if not impossible to differen- 

 tiate the religious and secular ideas and usages in respect even to 



1 See Culin in 24th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethnol., pp. 495-497. 



