316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.54. 



the latter, /Surcula, if based on the adjacency of the anal sinus to 

 the suture can only be maintained as a minor section of TurriGula. 

 A futile attempt has been made to reject Tii,rricula on account of the 

 use of that name in the worthless polynomial system of Klein, but 

 that is quite inadmissible on any genuine nomenclatorial basis. The 

 Turncula of Herrman, 1783, was not used in a generic sense. The 

 Turricula of the Museum Calonnianum has been rejected by the 

 International Committee on Nomenclature. The use of the name 

 by Fabricius, 1822, and Beck, 1837, being later than Schumacher's 

 date, need not be further considered. 



Surgula Weinkauff, 1875, is a Germanized rendering of S^ircula^ 

 but whether due to author or compositor is uncertain. 



Genus MANGILIA Risso, 1826. 



The next name to be considered is Mangelia Risso, 1826. The first 

 species is M. costulata Risso, which is identical with or merely a 

 variety of nebula Montagu. Risso named no type, but costulata was 

 selected by Bellardi in 1847, Kobelt in 1905, and Dall in 1908. The 

 selection of other types by authors subsequent to Bellardi has created 

 a good deal of confusion, since Risso's group of species was not 

 homogeneous. As has been already shown by Iredale^ Gray, in 

 the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1847, se- 

 lected as the type of Leach's manuscript genus Bela this same Murex 

 nebula of Montagu which makes Bela an exact synonym of Mangelia^ 

 this being the first valid publication of Bela. Mangelia ginnania 

 Risso (fig. 130) to which Gray in 1847 referred the manuscript name 

 of Ishnula Clark, is apparently identical with Mangelia s. s., though 

 Monterosato proposed a sectional name Ginnania for it in 1884, 

 Raphitoma Bellardi, 1844, was a heterogeneous group. Later in his 

 preliminary synopsis of 1875, he divides the group into two sections: 

 I, typified by R. vulfecula Brocchi, and II, by R. harpula Brocchi, 

 In his subsequent monograph of the Pleurotomidse he specifies (p, 

 323) vulpecula as the type of the genus. The latter is a typical 

 Mangelia and Raphitoma therefore becomes a synonym of Mangelia. 

 Other authors disregarding Bellardi's selection of a type have made 

 extraordinary confusion of the relations of this genus. 



Its chief characteristics are the absence of an operculum ; the entire, 

 hardly thickened, and nonvaricose outer lip ; the unarmed pillar ; and 

 shallow anal sinus near the suture. The shell is usually axially ribbed 

 and spirally minutely sculptured. The fact that the author intended 

 to be honored was named Mangili led Loven and many subsequent 

 writers to correct the spelling to Mangilia, w^hich, as it hardly af- 

 fects the location of the name in indices, though a little irregular 



» Proc. Mai. Soc. London, vol. 11, p. 299, 1915. 



