320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.54. 



Some authors have confounded with this figure two adjacent figures 

 of immature Strombi and concluded that Gythara was a synonym 

 of StroTiibus, but tliis conclusion has no valid basis. 



The typical Gythara is a relatively large tropical shell with short 

 spire and narrow, elongated aperture, plentifully supplied in adults 

 with denticulations or striated callus on both body, pillar, and outer 

 lip. It appears to be entirely distinct from the relatively small shells, 

 mostl}'^ with unarmed apertures, from the temperate faunas, which 

 authors, including the writer, have been accustomed to refer to this 

 genus. The name which we shall adopt for the small forms referred 

 to is difficult to determine, since some of them were included in 

 Risso's Mangelia^ and Eeeve included all he knew in his monograph 

 of the Mangelias along with Gythara proper. Other authors, ignor- 

 ing the real type of Mangelia.^ have applied the latter name to these 

 species, while still others have proposed a considerable number of 

 new names for the various species of this group. True Gythara 

 appears to bear much such a conchological relation to these shells 

 as Glyphostoma does to the small shells we have been accustomed 

 to call Glathurella. 



Cossmann in 1889 calls them Mangilia^ following Eeeve; Bellardi 

 in 1875 had called them Ditoma^ but this name was preoccupied by 

 Illiger in 1807. Bellardi's type species was PleurotoTna angusta Jan, 

 This is a form with a thickened outer lip, spiral striation, and con- 

 spicuous short anal sinus. Cossmann in 1889 substituted Agathotoma^ 

 the type, of course, remaining automaticall}^ the same; but in 1876 

 Monterosato had proposed for Pleurotoma hertrandi Payraudeau 

 the name Gytharella. This covers the smooth group exactly. Hae- 

 dropleura Monterosato, 1882, type Murex seftangularis Montagu, 

 would provide for the more elevated forms with few axial ribs, but 

 the type is said to be operculate, which the true Cytharellae are not. 

 The forms with shouldered whorls and numerous axial ribs like 

 angusta Jan must take Cossmann's name, unless some anterior desig- 

 nation can be found. Zetehia is a small form recalling Mitromorpha^ 

 with predominantly spiral sculpture and coarse lirations on both sides 

 of the aperture and the anal sulcus inconspicuous. The type (U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., No. 274109) is about six millimeters long, with a smooth 

 nucleus of about three whorls and four subsequent whorls, with the 

 suture obscure and the color purplish brown. It was collected at 

 Panama and I have called it Z. dentlculata. 



Genus CLATHURELLA Carpenter, 1857. 



This was a new name for Defrancia Millet, not Bronn, 1825. In 

 1908 ^ I discussed the synon3^my of Glathurella^ for which a species 



iBuU. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 43, No. 6, p. 250. On p. 261, under Bellardiella, the 

 statement as to the nucleus is inaccurate and should be eliminated. The correct descrip- 

 tion is given on p. 260, line 7 et aeq. 



