ANATOMY OF MEGAPTERA LONGIMANA. 93 



Direction of the Dorsal Transverse Processes. — The three 

 first have, like the cervical, a downward direction, and are con- 

 cave below. Above, the two first have little if any concavity. 

 The 1st is not only directed forwards but is bent with the con- 

 cavity forwards. The 3rd is a little concave above. The 4th 

 is directed a little downwards, and is sigmoid but mostly con- 

 cave below ; above, it is very concave and looks upturned, but is 

 not so high externally as internally. The upturning is very 

 marked from the 5th to the 12th, is but little on the 13th, and 

 the 14th is nearly horizontal. The 5th, as seen from below, 

 ascends 2 inches. Above, it presents a concavity H inch deep, 

 though the outer end is not much higher than the inner, from 

 the connection of the latter with the articular process. The 

 10th rises 5 inches, measured below ; 3i measured above, the 

 concavity 1| deep. A line from tip to tip of the transverse 

 processes of the 10th intersects the articular process, cutting off 

 its lower fourth, and passes 3 inches above the level of the body 

 of the vertebra. 



The forward direction of the processes is well-marked on the 

 four or five first, and lessens to the 8th, on which the anterior edge 

 of the transverse process is just on a line with the front of the 

 body. The distances to which the transverse process reaches 

 beyond the front of the body of the vertebra are — the 1st, 

 2 inches ; the 3rd, 3 inches (angle 22°) ; the 5th, 2f inches ; the 

 7th, f inch. The backward direction of the processes begins 

 with the 9th, increases to the 12th or 13th (angle about 15°), 

 and diminishes on the 14th. The hinder edge of the process 

 begins to take the backward direction on the 7th. The most 

 posterior part on the 9th is flush with the back of the body. 

 The distances to which the processes pass behind the j)lane of 

 the back of the body of their vertebra are — the 11th, 2 inches ; 

 the 13th, 2 inches; the 14th, 1^ inch. 



In form, the dorsal transverse processes pass through a transi- 

 tion from the form of the cervical to that of the lumbar, — the 

 anterior, flattened with the surfaces before and behind, prismatic 

 in transition, and, towards the lumbar region, flattened with the 

 surfaces above and below. The great convexity which the 2nd 

 has gained on its posterior surface becomes developed into and 

 remains as the posterior border as we go backwards. The 



