REPORT OP THE SECRETARY. 53 



Several caves in Cottonwood Canyon 12 miles westward from 

 Kanab contained evidences of human occupancy. The walls of 

 nearly all bear pictographs of more than ordinary interest, and three 

 of the caves visited sheltered the remains of small dwellings, the most 

 interesting of which is a group of four detached rooms and one cir- 

 cular kiva. The walls of these are of stone with a rather greater pro- 

 portion of mud plaster than is common in cliif dwellings of the 

 Southwest. The ceremonial room measures 14 feet in diameter, but, 

 except in its lack of recesses, does not differ greatly from similar 

 structures in ruins previously reported throughout the San Juan 

 drainage. 



Mr. Judd's preliminary observations among a limited number of 

 ruins in western Utah indicate the former existence of a people whose 

 dwellings developed in natural sequence from single earth-covered 

 shelters, such as those at Willard, to groups of more permanent 

 structures like those at Beaver, Paragonah, and elsewhere, and finally 

 to allied cliff houses similar to those in" Cottonwood Canyon. The 

 construction of these several types of houses and the character of the 

 artifacts found in them point to close relationship between their 

 builders and the better-knoAvn pre-Puebloan peoples of New Mexico, 

 Arizona, and Colorado. Whether these primitive structures in Utah 

 actually antedate the communal dwellings in the States named or 

 whether they represent an offshoot from the more highly developed 

 Pueblo culture is a point not yet determined. The relationship is 

 certain, however, and future investigation may be expected to deter- 

 mine its limits. It is hoped that the opportunity to continue this 

 investigation may soon be afforded, as the progress of agriculture 

 in most of the areas investigated by Mr. Judd is resulting in the 

 rapid disappearance of all superficial evidences of aboriginal occu- 

 pancy. 



En route to Washington from Utah, Mr. Judd spent a day at the so- 

 called " Spanish diggings," the ancient quarries in Wyoming where 

 generations of western Indians quarried the flint and chert utilized 

 in the manufacture of various w^eapons and household implements. 



Excellent progress has been made in the study and analysis of 

 Indian music, to which subject Miss Frances Densmore has devoted 

 special attention. The principal work in this direction has been the 

 completion of the manuscript on " Teton Sioux Music," consisting 

 of 1,067 pages, in addition to transcriptions of 240 songs and about 

 100 illustrations. This material was submitted in June for publica- 

 tion. Miss Densmore also made considerable progress in the prepa- 

 ration of a paper on the music of the Ute Indians, 92 pages of manu- 

 script, 28 transcriptions of songs, 11 analyses of songs, and 8 original 

 photographic illustrations being submitted. This work is not yet 

 finished. 



