264 



ALLEN: NEW ENGLAND WHALEBONE WHALES. 



Musculature. — The muscular anatomy of this whale has been carefully described by Carte 

 and Macalister (1868). The simplicity of structure is rather striking, yet amply serves the 

 animal's need. Owing to the loss of the posterior limbs there are no hind-leg muscles, wliile 

 those of the fore limb are much reduced in number. No mention is made by these authors 

 of the great panniculus, which in the Finback and the Blue Whale is so prominent. No 

 doubt, however, this is present, and, as in the two species just mentioned, serves to contract 

 the throat folds. The other chief muscles of the body I have tabulated below, giving for each 

 its name, its origin, and its place of insertion as described by the above authors. 



Muscles of Head, 

 a. Muscles opening and closing nostrils. 



Name. 

 Dilator naris 



Retractor alae nasi 



Constrictor naris 



Depressor alae nasi 



Mylohyoid 



Digastric 



Temporalis 



Masseter 



Pterygoideus externus 

 Pterygoideus internus 



Origin. 

 Upper border of maxillary from tip to 



malar 

 Antero-external portion of frontal 



Anterior edge of temporal fossa 



Intermaxillary and median raphe of 

 snout 



h. Muscles of the jaws. 

 Lower border of jaw to its angle 



Mastoid process of squamosal and sul- 

 cus behind 



Entire temporal fossa from orljit to 

 glenoid 



(1) Lower border of orbit; (2) margin 

 of glenoid 



Outer surface of pterygoid plate 



Wanting 



Insertion. 

 Outer lip of nares and median raphe of 



snout 

 Cartilaginous lateral and posterior lip of 



nares 

 Outer lip of nares and median raphe of 



snout 

 Outer border of nares 



Two muscles of opposite sides join 



medially 

 Lower posterior surface of angle of jaw 



Bj' tendon into coronoid process of jaw 



(1) Posterior part of angle of jaw; (2) 



in front of angle 

 Inner border of lower jaw near angle 

 Wanting 



Genioglossus 



Lingualis 

 Hyoglossus 

 Palatoglossus 

 Styloglossus 



c. Muscles of the tongue. 

 Inner border of apex of jaw 



Longitudinal and transverse fibers 

 Great cornu of hyoid bone 

 Median line of soft palate 

 Outer base of styloid corner of hyoid 

 bone 



Deep surface of mucous membrane, 



center of tongue 

 Forming the mass of the tongue 

 Center length of side of tongue 

 Upper surface of tongue 

 Posterior half of side of tongue 



