30 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1920. 



tractor biplane of type developed and used by French for recon- 

 naissance purposes; another Spad, XIII, tractor biplane of type 

 developed and used by France. This airplane, which Avas part of the 

 Twenty-second Aero Squadron, Air Service, American Expedition- 

 ary Forces, has seven victories to its credit, and is of the same type 

 as those with which the famous French flyers Fonch and Guynemer 

 and the American flyer Rickenbacker made a great part of their 

 records ; a Fokker, D-VII, tractor biplane developed and used by the 

 German air service for pursuit purposes. This plane was captured 

 at Verdun by Capt, H. McLanahan and Lieuts. E. Curtis and S. 

 Sewall, of the First Pursuit Group, Ninety-fifth Aero Squadron, 

 United States Army, Capt. J. Mitchell commanding. 



The Ordnance Department and the Quartermaster Corps supplied 

 ordnance equipment of the type used by the various armies for 

 offensive and defensive purposes, small arms of type used by the 

 United States during the war, rifles, pistols, and swords illustrating 

 the types of weapons used during the World War bj^ the various 

 armies, including the rifles used by the armies of Austria, Belgium, 

 England, France, Japan, Italy, Germany, Russia, Roumania, and 

 Serbia. Of more than passing interest were specimens of silk car- 

 tridge cloth used by the United States Army for powder bags for 

 loading the large guns and samples of the same material adapted for 

 civilian use. 



Of enemy material the Ordnance Department transmitted a large 

 and interesting collection of German and Austrian equipment cap- 

 tured by the American Expeditionary Forces. This included field, 

 machine, anti-aircraft, and anti-tank guns; field kitchen; various 

 other vehicles, and miscellaneous commissary, infantry, artillery, 

 cavalry, and signal equipment, some made of paper. 



From the Chemical Warfare Service came offensive and defensive 

 equipment used in the chemical warfare by both the armies of the 

 allied and enemy countries, including shells, bombs, projectiles, smoke 

 producers, masks, special clothing, and alarm ; in each case also nearly 

 complete series showing the development of such objects from their 

 earliest form to the most recent. 



The Corps of Engineers contributed a collection illustrating the 

 important part played in modern Avarfare by that branch of the 

 Army, including examples of tools and small equipment and of the 

 large instruments peculiar to the work of the corps which so greatly 

 aided in winning the war. Particularly interesting are a parabolic 

 listening device ; sound and flash ranging sets for locating the position 

 of enemy batteries; examples of the high-intensity electric-arc and 

 the open-type searchlights ; models showing the use of camouflage 

 material in trench Avarfare Avith dummy silhouettes of soldiers to 

 draw machine-gun fire; representation of standard type trench and 



