56 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1920. 



Lance dance. In April, 1920, she visited the Pawnees a second time 

 and was permitted to enter the lodge during the Morning Star 

 ceremony and to see the contents of the "sacred bundle." This 

 bundle is opened once a year. (It is said that only one other white 

 person has been permitted to enter the ceremonial lodge.) This 

 ceremony afforded an opportunity to hear certain interesting rituals 

 which are sung only at this time. 



Three manuscripts on Pawnee music have been submitted during 

 the year. In addition to the ceremonial nyiterial above mentioned 

 these papers contain songs of war and of a game, as well as miscel- 

 laneous songs and those connected with folk tales. The Pawnees 

 were selected as representative of the Caddoan stock, according to 

 the plan of comparing the songs of the various linguistic stocks. 



About the middle of February, 1920, Miss Densmore began a study 

 of the Papago Indians as a representative of the Piman stock. For 

 more than a month she lived at San Xavier Mission, a Government 

 station, among the Papago near Tucson, Arizona, and recorded more 

 than 100 songs, 25 of which have been transcribed, analyzed, and 

 submitted. Three subjects were studied — treatment of the sick, cus- 

 toms of war, and ancient stories. As examples of the psychology 

 revealed by musical investigation it may be noted that the Papago 

 state that all sickness has its origin in the anger of a mythical 

 " creator," and that many of the songs used in treating the sick are 

 said to have been received from spirits of the dead. 



Miss Densmore considers the chief points of the year's investiga- 

 tion to be the evident contrast of songs of different linguistic stocks 

 and the increasing evidence that rhythm in Indian song is more 

 varied and important than melody. It is interesting to note that 

 the songs recorded by an individual Indian doctor showed similarity 

 in melodic material and formation, but a wide variety in rhythm. 

 The poetry of the words of Papago songs is of an unusually high 

 order. 



In April, 1920, Miss Densmore visited the "Mohave'' Apaches 

 living at Camp MacDowell near Phoenix, x\riz., with a view to 

 recording songs among them next season, taking the Apache as the 

 representatives of the Athapascan stock. 



In July, 1919, Miss Densmore visited the Manitou Rapids Reserve 

 in Canada to obtain data on the customs of the Canadian Chippewas 

 for comparison with the tribe in the States. She found an inter- 

 esting contrast in bead patterns and collected considerable informa- 

 tion on their general culture. August 14 to 30, 1919, she worked on 

 the botanical section of the book on Chippewa Arts and Customs, 

 this section comprising the use of plants as food, medicine, and 

 charms. 



