20 Extracts from an Itinerary of a Journey in Spain. 
mining: ‘Two schools were created, one at Madrid, the other at 
Almaden. Many pupils were sent to the school of Freyburg in 
Saxony, to study the art of mining as practised in that part of Ger- 
many, and doubtless it may be expected from the new turn of affairs 
in Spain, that pupils will be sent to collect new light in other schools 
not less celebrated nor less respectable. 
Many distinguished men who had been banished from Spain in 
consequence of their politics, had turned their attention, in foreign 
countries, to mining and other arts of wealth and industry. The 
greater number of these were recalled, and demonstrated that they 
had turned their exile to a useful purpose. One of them, Mr. Val- 
lejo who acquired in the schools of Paris a taste for mineralogical 
science, has been appointed to furnish a geological description of 
Spain, and is now engaged in fulfilling his appointment. Al de 
Erlorza, an officer of Artillery, after studying the modes of working 
iron among the bloomeries and furnaces of England, Belgium, 
Hartz, Piedmont, and France, has been appointed to introduce the 
best of these methods into Spain ; and the rich iron ores of Mar- 
bella and Pedroso, (Andalusia) are now treated in well erected 
works, in which this skilful engineer has adopted the most recent 
improvements to the local condition of that region. ‘These improve- 
ments have extended to Galicia, and will doubtless, by degrees, reach 
the various localities in the north of Spain. 
During the short period just adverted to, the exploration of other! 
mineral substances has also received a new impulse. The produc- 
tion of mercury in the country of Almaden, is again increased; the 
ancient copper mines of Rio-Tinto, quite neglected during the free 
importation of copper from the western side of South America, 
have been pushed with activity since the revolt of the colonies. 
The powerful deposits of Calamine at Alcaraz, in the eastern part 
of La Mancha are now worked with success. The lead mines of 
Lanares in the kingdom of Jaen and of Talsete in Catalonia have 
furnished notable results, notwithstanding the formidable rivalship 
e Sierra of Gador. In the environs of Oviedo in Asturias ex- 
tensive mines of coal, which unhappily are not within reach of the 
coast, send their products, in increasing abundance, to the metallurgic 
establishments of the Andalusian coast. In the same province, but 
in a more favorable situation near the river Aviles, a company is be- 
ginning to explore the same coal formation. These mines, whose prin- 
cipal galleries open upon the sea coast, are preparing to export their: 
