366 Portugal. 
of virtue in a future life. Among the SO me, Pyihago- 
ras insisted much upon the connexion bet God and 
man, in establishing, on the system of the ecommicerataite 
the reward of the good and the punishment of the wicked. 
Socrates discovered the origin of justice in the divine will. 
He maintained that the gods have a love for men, and infer- 
red from their justice and their universal knowledge, that 
they would punish the wicked. Plato taught the existence 
of one God, who formed the world by a thought of his intel- 
ligence, and he affirmed the immortality of the soul, and re- 
wards and punishments in another life, in admitting the sys- 
tem of the metempsychosis. He strictly inculcated upon 
the minds of his pupils the identity of morality with the 
orship of the divinity. Aristotle was one of the an- 
him; but he established no intimate relation between man 
and the Divinity. He manifested, however, a great respect 
for him ; though he Aaa to prefer a general silence with 
regard to God, rather than to celebrate him by doctrines 
which appeared to him doubtful. The pride of the ear- 
themselves even to the Divine Being;—the more modern, 
(Marcus Aurelius especially,) were more reasonable, and 
taught that it is necessary to be be virtuous and to do good 
to men, in order to imitate God, and to conform to his will; 
but they did not found this conclusion upon the doctrine of 
future rewards and punishments. 
he author takes occasion of the extensive details he has 
collected relative to the uncertaia morality: of the Greeks 
and promane, to elevate, as it deserves, the excellence of the 
an religion, and its vast superiority over every other 
petal of philosophy.—Rev. Encye. (Languinais.) 
2. Portugal.—The king has decreed that there should be 
formed. in his capital, an extensive Lithographic E —— 
men 
€ is to be established in Lisbon, a normal school for pro- 
paga the system of mutual instruction; itis also to be 
“placed under jot direction of Professor Lecocg, who has 
par more than a year at Paris, in studying the new system 
. 
