INTRODUCTION 11 



3. An Auiri'inrn Trap l( •<d Realm, consisting of Tropical 

 America. 



4. A a 1 ml< i- African Realm, consisting of Africa, except 

 the northern border, and Tropical Asia and its islands. 



5. A South American Temperate Realm, embracing 

 extra-tropical South America. 



6. An Australian Realm, equivalent to our Australian 

 Region. 



7. A Lemurian Realm, containing Madagascar and its 

 islands. 



Mr. Allen's views on Distribution have been criticised 

 and answered by another American naturalist, Mr. Gill 

 (4), who has proposed a division of the Earth into nine 

 " realms." These, as will be seen, although not differing in 

 many cases from regions adopted by former authorities, are 

 distinguished by an entirely new set of names, as follows : — 



(1) The Anglo-goaan ( = Nearctic Region). 



(2) The Eury-gaean ( = Palsearctic Region). 



(3) The Indo-goean ( = Oriental Region). 



(4) The Afro-gsean ( = Ethiopian Region). 



(5) The Dendro-giean ( = the tropical half of the Neo- 

 tropical Region). 



(6) The Amphi-gaaan ( = the temperate half of the 

 Neotropical Region). 



(7) The Austro-goean ( = Australia, New Guinea, and 

 the adjacent islands). 



(8) The Ornitho-gaean ( = New Zealand). 



(9) The Neso-gajan ( = Polynesia). 



Dr. Bowdler Sharpe (12) has also recently published 

 his views on the zoo-geographical areas, as worked out 

 from the distribution of birds. Dealing here only with 

 the division of the Earth into Regions, we notice that 



