114 THE GEOGRAPHY OF MAMMALS 



besides the Scaly Ant-eater (Manis), of which one species 

 extends as far south-east as the Transvaal, there is also 

 found the Aardvark (Orycteropus), an animal characteristic 

 of South Africa, though also occurring in East Africa as far 

 north as the upper Nile basin. The relationships of this 

 creature are very obscure, but the recent discovery of 

 remains of a closely allied fossil form in beds of lower 

 Pliocene age in the island of Samos, in the iEgean Sea, 

 shows that the Aardvark, like so many other African 

 animals, has migrated southwards from the Palsearctic 

 Region. 



The greater number of the genera to which the 

 numerous Antelopes of the Cape Sub-region belong, extend 

 northwards into the Saharan and even into the West 

 African Sub-region, although the species of the Cape 

 Sub-region are in many cases distinct. 



Among the distinct species may be mentioned the 

 Hartebeest (Bubalis caama), the Spring-bok (Antidorcas 

 euchore), and the Sable Antelope (Hipjpotragus niger). 

 The two Gnus (Connochsetes) and the Pallah (jEpyceros) 

 are confined to this Sub-region. To the portion of this 

 Sub-region south of the Zambesi are restricted two of the 

 African horses, the Quagga (Equus quagga), now said to 

 be extinct, and the Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra), which is 

 fast approaching the same condition. But Burchell's Zebra 

 (Equus burchelli), under various slight modifications, occurs 

 in suitable localities throughout the whole Sub-region. 



The White or Square-lipped Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros 

 simus), which now only exists in two small districts of 

 Mashonaland and Zululand, was formerly abundant in the 

 Cape Colony and the Transvaal, but has never been met 

 with north of the Zambesi. 



