164 THE GEOGRAPHY OF MAMMALS 



by the northern branch of the Saskatchewan, and ends on 

 the Pacific coast in the neighbourhood of Queen Charlotte's 

 Sound. But long prolongations of this Sub-region extend 

 down the Alleghany mountains; in the east as far as 

 Georgia, along the Rocky Mountains as far as the Rio 

 Grande, and along the Cascade and Sierra Nevada moun- 

 tains as far as the Colorado river. Besides these, there 

 are several smaller detached portions of other mountain 

 ranges, which should be attributed to the Canadian Sub- 

 region. 



The Eastern or " Humid " Sub-region is separated from 

 the Western or " Arid " by a line running roughly nearly 

 along the meridian of 100° west of Greenwich, and ex- 

 tending from Manitoba to the mouth of the Rio Grande 

 del Norte. 



Section IV. — The Canadian or Cold Sub-region 



The Canadian Sub-region is especially remarkable for 

 a number of genera which are common to it and the 

 northern part of the Old World, but which do not extend 

 southwards into the other Sub-regions to be presently 

 treated of. It is further characterized by the small 

 number of genera which are essentially New World forms, 

 and have no connection with the Old World. Reviewing 

 the Mammals in detail, we find that the Sub-region contains 

 no representative of either Marsupials or Edentates. On 

 the other hand, there are six genera of the Ungulates 

 within its limits — a far larger proportion than that found 

 in the other Sub-regions. Of these the only one endemic 

 is Haploceros (the Rocky Mountain goat). This somewhat 

 isolated Ruminant has its nearest allies in the genus 



