DISTRIBUTION OF MONKEYS AND LEMURS 219 



divisions, commonly called " Orders," are fourteen [ in 

 number, as follows : — 



I. QUADRUMANA. VIII. PROBOSCIDEA. 



II. Lemures. IX. Ungulata. 



III. Carnivora. X. Cetacea. 



IV. Insectivora. XI. Sirenia. 

 V. Chiroptera. XII. Edentata. 



VI. RODENTIA. XIII. MARSUPIALIA. 



VII. HYRACES. XIV. MONOTREMATA. 



Section II. — General Distribution of the 



QUADRUMANA 



The Order of Quadrumana, or Monkeys, of which about 

 200 species are now recognized, is generally divided by 

 zoologists into four families : (1) the Simiidte or Apes, (2) 

 the Cercopithecidte or Old- World Monkeys, (3) the Gebidx 

 or New- World Monkeys, and (4) the Hapalidie or 

 Marmosets. Of these families the two first are exclusively 

 inhabitants of the tropical or sub-tropical districts of the 

 Old World, while the two last are as severely restricted to 

 the hotter portion of the New World, and form, in fact, two 

 of the most characteristic groups of the Neotropical 

 Region. We thus see that the division of the Quadrumana 

 into families according to their structure is in complete 

 accordance with the distinctness of the geographical areas 

 in which they are found. 



The two first and highest families of Monkeys, it should 

 be remarked, are much more nearly allied to one another 

 than they are to the two families which inhabit the New 

 World. They are sometimes called " Catarrhines," on 

 account of the narrowness of the nasal septum and the 

 consequent downward direction of the nostrils. They all 



