HYRAXES, ELEPHANTS, AND UNGULATES 289 



that the Tapirs were formerly a prevalent group over a 

 large portion of the earth's surface, so that in these days 

 we have only to deal with a few scattered remnants of a 

 former considerable series. 



Of the American Tapirs two (Tapirus bairdi and 

 T. doivi) are found in Central America, a third (T. roulini) 

 occurs in the Andes of Colombia and Peru, and a fourth 

 (T. americanus) is widely distributed over the South 

 American continent from Venezuela to Paraguay. 



The Tapirs may be therefore considered as a char- 

 acteristic form of the Neotropical and Oriental Regions, 

 and a " lipomorph " or absent form in all other parts of the 

 world's surface. 



Section VI. — Distribution of Horses 



The third family of Perissodactyle Ungulates comprises 

 the Horses (Equidte)} now a very isolated group, although 

 allied to the Tapirs by many extinct intermediate forms. 

 The Horses at present known to exist in a state of nature 

 belong to about nine species, of which three may be 

 attributed to the Paloearctic Region and six to the 

 Ethiopian. Among the Palfearctic species the recently 

 discovered Equus prjevalskii of the deserts of Central 

 Asia is the sole living representative of the typical section 

 of the genus Equus with callosities on both the fore and 

 hind limbs. The other eight species all belong to the Asinine 

 section, with callosities upon the hind limbs only. Unless 

 it shall turn out to have been Equus prjevalskii, the exact 



1 On the species of Horse, consult Sir William Flower's " The Horse " 

 (London, 1891, Kegan Paul & Co.). 



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