304 BIRDS FROM YEZO, JAPAN—-STEJNEGER. 
only a subspecies of the latter. These belong to a northern type of 
migratory habits, characterized by having the tip of the wing much 
elongated, that is, the first four primaries which form the tip of the — 
wing are lengthened so as to reach farther beyond the others than in 
the birds of the southern type. This latter is represented in Japan by 
A. japonica, which in turn is only subspecifically distinet from A. celi- 
vox SWINH. from China. These forms I believe in the main to be resi: 
dent birds. The difference in the construction of the wing above alluded 
to is well pronounced in the Japanese species and may be expressed as 
follows: 
(1) Alauda blakistoni, distance of fifth primary from tip of wing 
greater than middle toe, without claw ; 
(2) Alauda japonica, distance of fifth primary from tip of wing less 
than middle toe, without claw. 
These characters, of course, are only well pronounced in specimens 
the quills of which are fully grown and not much abraded. 
Mr. Seebohm admits (Ibis, 1884, p. 41) the existence in Japan of two 
races distinguished by their difference in size. The larger one, with 
“the wing varying in length from 4.9 to 3.9 inches,” hesays ‘ might be 
called var. japonica by ornithologists anxious to split hairs.” This 
name I consider referable to the smaller form. 
Alauda blakistoni was based by me on Kamtchatkan specimens before 
Thad seen any skins from Japan. A comparison of the figures of the 
table below with those given by me in my Orn. Explor. Kamtsch., p. 
235, shows a remarkable uniformity; the averages of wing and tail being 
identical to the millimeter. 
Alauda blakistoni has as yet been reported in Japan only from Yezo 
and the Kurils. It breeds apparently on the latter, and passes through 
Yezo only during the migrations, which do not seem to extend to Hondo. 
As we have no Yezo winter specimens, this form probably winters some- 
where on the mainland. 
Measurements. 
ees | 4 
jo B=] 
al a | # a fe 
a ® = eo. | 
U.S. Nat. | Collector and op ede as = Ss) oF | ep 
Mus. No. number. z hoeality. Date. B z Reale wet) 
q | eB) es 
ba | a = | & elites s 
3 ee a |! eect i) 
7a Fi/a|a {ala [eA 
22 | eee = = a a es 
120546 | Henson, 148...| ad.) Hakodate, Yezo....) Nov. 5,1885)| 124 | 76 13 26 | 24 
(eOnd Tall HAONROM, ees. +l atlas Ol soe Se eee Apr. 2, 1886 |*112 +68 | 13 27 | 23 
96313 | Blak., 2981 ....|¢ ad.| Tomakomai, Yezo-.| Sept. 1109 69 | 12.5 | 26 | 22 
SGe1b a blak. 2985's: 67 Ge ad alas 00 see eee ee Sept. (t) | (12.5 | 26 | 22 
96298 | Blak., 1569....;¢' ad.| Nemoro, Yezo .-..-. Oct. 6,1874| 115 72 "| 12 26 | 22 mes 
96300 | Blak., 2770.... f¢ ad-_| Iturup, Kurils..--.- Sept. 116 71 | 12.5 | 26 | 23 196 
OGs00) lak. 2771 ade |; edo... se ees ee Sept. —— |t121 74 | 12 27 | 24 205 
962991) Snow, Blake. cad.) "*inril TslandsS ie 2|eeeeeceso. == 117 74.) 12 26 | 22 ee 
2136; 
Average measurements of 7 males). .-..+---232.--5--.-:---=4--5- 116 72 | 12.6.| 26 | 22.9 |222- 
=— —— 
es eS a —— 
* Much worn, t Partly molting. 
