it 
Pe 
erage PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Fa les. 
1847.—Motacilla lugens TeMMINCK & ScuLeGeL, Fauna Japon., Aves, p. 60, pl. 
xxv (nee Kirriitz, 1833).—? BLAKISTON, Ibis, 1862, p. 319.—Id., Chrys- 
anth., 1882, p. 522.—Id., ibid., 1883, p. 31.—Jd., ibid., 1883, Feb., p. ——. 
Id., ibid., 1883, p. 174.—SEEBouM, Ibis, 1879, p. 34.—BLAKIsT. & PRYER, 
Tr. As. Soc. Jap., X, 1882, p. 155.—Jouy, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, p. 
290. 
1866.— Volacilla japonica TRISTRAM, Ibis, 1866, p. 291 (nec SWINH., 1863).—SWINHOR, 
Ibis, 1874, p. 156 (part.).—BuLakisr. & PryeER, Ibis, 1878, p. 236 (part.).— 
Tid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap., vii, 1880, p. 220 (part.).—Briakisr., Amend. List 
B. Jap., p. 52 (1884).—SrresgneGer, Orn. Expl. Kamtsch., p. 289 (1885). 
SEEBOHUM, B. Jap. Emp., p. 112 (1890). 
1885.— Motacilla grandis Suarpr, Cat. B. Br. Mus., x, p. 492. 
Motacilla immutabilis BLAKISTON, MSS. and labels. 
Mr. Sharpe was undoubtedly correct in giving this species anew name, 
since Swinhoe (who afterwards, however, confounded the two species) 
bestowed the name M. japonica upon “the black-backed race [of J. 
ocularis| * * * peculiar to the Japanese islands” (Ibis, 1863, p. 309, 
footnote), which, of course, is the true J. lugens. 
It has already been remarked under the head of M. lugens that the 
changes of plumage in the two Japanese species of Wagtails are quite 
different, and this statement does not apply to the contour feathers 
alone, but to the quills as well, for it is evident that 1. grandis does not 
pass through the “ brown” stage of J. lugens, as the young birds upon 
leaving the nest have the white and black of the quills as strongly con- 
trasted as the adults, while the white color in this stage of the wings, 
which lasts until the molt in the autumn of the next year, is somewhat 
more extended than in the corresponding stage of M. lugens. How- 
ever, all the quills are marked with dusky, except occasionally one or 
two of the inner secondaries. The male, as a rule, seems to be a trifle 
more white than the female. The series of thirteen specimens before 
me seems to prove that no change takes place in the quills between 
the molts. After the autumnal molt the next year all the secondaries 
become pure white, and the black on the inner primaries is greatly 
reduced, so that these parts now exactly resemble the corresponding 
quills in the most extremely white JM. lugens. On the outer primaries 
the black is also somewhat restricted, but not so much so as in M. lu- 
gens; the black tips are much longer, and the black on the first pri- 
mary reaches nearly always to the base, thus presenting a very marked 
difference from the adult MW. lugens in the corresponding plumage. 
Of this species Mr. Henson’s collection only contains a single speci- 
men (No. 821), a female, in the first year, collected at Hakodate, De- 
cember 5, 1885; U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 120527. 
Motacilla melanope PALL. (250) 
g, No. 139, Hakodate, September 17, 1884; 2, No. 163, ibid., September 10, 1884. 
U.S. Nat. Mus, No. 120541-2. 
