ANCIENT REMAINS OP MAN HEDLICKA. 505 



proach of the upper Hue of the temporal crest to the sagittal suture is 36 mm., 

 a distance frequently equaled in the present man. The parietal suture is com- 

 pletely obliterated, but the lambdoid is open and parts of it show well-devel- 

 oped serration. The squamous suture is well arched, as in the typical modern 

 human skull. 



The occipital bone is remarkable both for its relatively great width, 

 and for the large area and flattenings of its smooth upper portion. 

 The external occipital protuberance and the muscular ridges are 

 well marked. 



The left temporal bone, which is excellently preserved, is " typi- 

 cally human in every detail," and corresponds closely with the same 

 bone in a comparatively modern human skull. The mastoid is rather 

 small. 



The capacity of the brain-case can not, of course, be exactly determined; 

 but measurements both by millet-seed and by water show that it must have 

 been at least 1,070 cc, while a consideration of the missing parts suggests that 

 it may have been a little more. It therefore agrees closely with the capacity 

 of the brain-case of the Gibraltar skull, as determined by Prof. Keith, and 

 equals that of some of the lowest skulls of the existing Australians. It is 

 much below that of the Mousterian skulls from Spy and La Chapelle-aux-Saints. 



The intercranial cast shows, according to Elliot Smith, " a con- 

 siderable resemblance to the well-known palaeolithic brain-casts, and 

 especially to those obtained from the Gibraltar and La Q.uina re- 

 mains. * * * Like these it is relatively long, narrow, and 

 especially flat; but it is smaller and presents more primitive fea- 

 tures than any known human brain or cranial cast." Marked 

 peculiarities of conformation are shown particularly in the parietal 

 and temporal region. The length of the left cerebral hemisphere 

 was only 16.3 cm., due to the thickness of the bones, while the maxi- 

 mum breadth of the brain (located lower down than usual )j was 

 13.0 cm., the maximum height 10.6 cm.^ The author concludes that 

 "taking all its features into consideration, we must regard this as 

 being the most primitive and most simian human brain so far re- 

 corded ; one, moreover, such as might reasonably have been expected 

 to be associated in one and the same individual with the mandible, 

 which so definitely indicates the zoological rank of its original 

 possessor." 



As regards the lower jaw and the teeth it will be best to quote 

 again from Dr. Woodward. According to this observer : " While the 

 skull, indeed, is evidently human, only approaching a lower grade 

 in certain characters of the brain in the attachment for the neck, the 

 extent of the temporal muscles and in the probably large size of the 



1 The brain of a white male from Ireland, whose skull possessed very nearly the same 

 external measurements (length 19 cm., breadth 14.9 cm.), gave the writer 17 cm. in 

 length, 13.8 cm. in breadth, and 11.8 cm. in height. 



