ANCIENT REMAINS OF MAN HBDLICKA. 507 



lications, and the latest of these is another important paper by 

 Messrs. Dawson and Woodward/ in which appear details of con- 

 siderable additional interest. From this publication we learn that 

 the researches by the authors in the Piltdown gravel have continued ; 

 and that the whole bed at the locality of the find was found divided 

 into four well-defined strata. The topmost of these consists of sur- 

 face soil, with pieces of iron-stained subangular flint derived from 

 some ancient gravel and similar to the flints beneath. This surface 

 soil also contains a mixture of pottery and implements of various 

 ages. Beneath is the second bed of " undisturbed '■ gravel varying 

 from a few inches to three feet in thickness. A paleolithic imple- 

 ment figured in the former paper by the writers has been found in 

 this layer, which contains rolled and subangular flints similar to 

 those found above and below. The third stratum, though not always 

 present, is well marked where it does occur b}'^ reasons of its dark 

 ferruginous appearance, and chiefly consists of pieces of ironstone 

 and rolled and subangular flints deeply patinated and iron stained. 

 All the fossil bones, animal and human, with the exception of the 

 remains of a deer, were discovered in or have been traced to this 

 third dark bed, which rests unevenly upon a fourth layer, consisting 

 of very pale yellow, finely divided sand and clay. 



The whole of the work was perforce carried on very slowly, and 

 it was found impossible to employ more than one laborer, " for the 

 actual excavation had to be closely watched, and each spadeful care- 

 fully examined. The gravel was then either washed with a sieve, or 

 strewn on specially prepared ground for the rain to wash it; after 

 which the layer thus spread was mapped out in squares, and minutely 

 examined section by section." 



While the laborer was digging the disturbed gravel within two or 

 three feet from the spot where the mandible was found, Mr. Dawson 

 "saw two human nasal bones lying together with the remains of a 

 turbinated bone beneath them in situ.-'' In the gravel excavated 

 within a radius of five yards of the spot where the mandible was 

 found, Father Teilhard de Chardin, who worked for a few days 

 with the authors, found on August 30, 1913, a remarkable canine 

 tooth, which, according to Messrs. Dawson and Woodward, belongs 

 to the Eoanthropus. 



There were also found in the same vicinity two evidently worked 

 flints with a flint flake ; and there were also recovered fragments of 

 teeth of the stegodon, rhinoceros, and mastodon. 



The conclusions of Messrs Dawson and Woodward are that the 

 third or dark bed is, in the main, composed of Pliocene drift, prob- 

 ably reconstructed in the Pleistocene epoch. 



1 Supplementary Note on the Discovery of a Paleolithic Human Skull and Mandible at 

 Piltdown (Sussex) ; Quart. Journ. Geological Society, London, April, 1914, pp 81-99. 



