ANCIENT REMAINS OF MAN HEDLICKA. 515 



The principal measurements which the writer secured on the 

 specimen, and which differ slightly from those previously reported, 

 especially as to the breadth of the skull, are as follows : 



Cm. 



Leugth rDasimum (glabello-occipital) 10.3 



Breadth maximum, near . 14.8 



Ceplialic inde.je 1 76 to 77 



Height between a point corresponding about to the bregma and a point 



on the basilar process just back of the vomer 10.8 



Diameter frontal minimum 9.9 



Upper alveolar point to nasion, approximately 7.9 



Nose height (mean of the two sides) 5.8 



Breadth maximum 3. 4 



Palate length (Turner's method), about 7.0 



Breadth, about 6. 8 



Mm. 



Thickness of right parietal, 1 cm. above and along the squamous suture 6.9 



Right. Left. 



Cm. Cm. 



Orbits, height 4 3.8 



Breadth 1 4 4. 



Maximum length of the brain • 16.4 



The majority of these measurements shoAv well the low type of the 

 sludl. 



There are numerous other details and dimensions about the speci- 

 men which are of interest to, the anthropologist, but which can not 

 well be dealt with in this paper. It will suffice to say that both the 

 visual and the instrumental examination of the specimen lead to the 

 conclusion that the Gibraltar skull represents a highly valuable re- 

 mains of an early human being and that its principal characteris- 

 tics justify the classification of this ancient form with the Homo 

 neanderthalensis.^ 



THE NEANDERTHAL SKULL AND BONES. 



The most famous of the skeletal remains representing early man 

 are unquestionably the imperfect but highly characteristic speci- 

 mens known as the Neanderthal skull and bones. This important 

 find more than any other has aroused scientific men to intense reali- 

 zation of the earlier phases of human evolution. The skull and to 

 some extent also the other parts of the skeleton stand morphologically 

 far below those of any existing type of man, being correspondingly 

 nearer to the ancient primates; and their name Jias been deservedly 

 taken to designate with the entire early phase of mankind of which 

 the skeleton is, as now well known, a prototype. 



1 ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. 



Sera, G. L. Nuove osservazioni ed induzioni sul cranio de Gibraltar. Arch. p. 



I'Antropol. and EtnoL, vol. 39, Firenze, 1910, pp. 1-66, pis. 3-5. 

 SoLLAS, W. G. On the cranial and facial features of the Neanderthal race. 



(Philosophical Transactions, Roy. Soe. London, 1907, vol. 199B, p. 281-339.) 



