ANCIENT REMAINS OF MAN HRDLICKA. 



517 



also belonging to a form of humanity no more existing. A little later 

 Prof. Schaaffhausen arrived at the following conclusions : ^ 



First. The extra orcliuary form of the skull was due to a uatural conforuia- 

 tiou, hitherto not known to exist even in the most barbarous races. Second. 

 Theso remarkable human remains belonged to a period antecedent to the time 

 of the Celts and Germans, and were in all probability derived from one of the 

 wild races of northwestern Europe, spoken of by Latin writers, and which 

 were encountered as autochthones by the German immigrants. And third. 

 It was beyond doubt that these human relics were traceable to a period at 

 which the latest animals of the Diluvium still existed; though no proof of 

 this assumption, nor consequently of their so-termed fossil condition, was 

 afforded by the circumstances under which the bones were discovered. 



In 1800 the Neanderthal cave was visited, in company with Dr. 

 Fuhlrott. by Lyell. who made a sketch of the locality (fig. 3), and 



Dus-elR 



Fig. 3.— Section of the Neandekthal Cave, near DDsseldorf. (After Lyell.) 



a. Cavern 60 feet above the Diissel, and 100 feet below the surface of the country at c. 



6. Loam covering the floor of the cave, near the bottom of which the human skeleton was 



found. 

 6, c. Rent connectmg the cave with the upper surface of the country. 



d. Superficial sandy loam. 



e. Devonian limestone. 



/. Terrace, or ledge of rock. 



we are given the following additional information : ^ Since the dis- 

 covery of the bones — - 



the ledge of rock, /, on which the cave opened, and which was originally 20 

 feet wide, had been almost entirely quarried away, and, at the rate at which 

 the work of dilapidation was proceeding, its complete destruction seemed near 

 at hand. 



In the limestone are many fissures, one of which, .still partially filled with 

 mud and stones, is represented in the section at a c as continuous from the 

 cave to the upper surface of the country. * * * 



There was no crust of stalagmite overlying the mud in which the human 

 skeleton was found, and no bones of other animals in the mud with the skele- 

 ton ; but just before our visit in 1860 the tusk of a bear had been met with in 

 some mud in a lateral embranchment of the cave, in a situation precisely simi- 



iL. c. 



2 Lyell, Sir Charles. The geological evidences of the antiquity of man, 4th ed., London, 

 1873, p. 80 et seq. 



