ANCIENT REMAINS OF MAN HEDLICKA. 519 



temporal ridges, while the lambdoicl is still patent. Similar condi- 

 tions to these are not seldom met with in the skulls of persons beyond 

 the fiftieth year of life, and if not attended by scaphocephaly or 

 other consequent deformation, can not be regarded as abnormal. The 

 serration of the lambdoid suture is decidedly simpler than in the 

 modem human skull. 



The facial and basal parts are lacking. The vault shows very good 

 dimensions in length and breadth, but is strikingly low^ and the 

 bones are considerably thicker than in the white man of to-day, so 

 that the brain cavity was only moderate. 



Besides its lowness the vault is characterized by a very decided 

 protrusion of the whole supra-orbital region. The supra-orbital fore- 

 structure or arch formed through this protrusion is heavier than in 

 any other laiown example of the Homo neanderthalends. The line 

 from glabella to the naso-frontal articulation is relatively extensive 

 and passes considerably backAvard besides downward, indicating 

 a very marked depression at the root of the nose, not unlike that 

 which is present in the adult gorilla. Due also to the forward ex- 

 tension of the supra-orbital arch, the upper parts of the planes of 

 the orbits face very perceptibly downward, while in present man 

 they face somewhat upward or approach the vertical. The remark- 

 able extent of the protrusion of the supra-orbital region may be 

 judged by the fact that the horizontal distance from the most promi- 

 nent point of the glabella to the nearest point on the ventral surface 

 of the lower frontal region measures 3 cm. The frontal process 

 descends deep between the orbits and is exceedingly stout. 



The forehead is very low and also slopes markedly backward, 

 nevertheless it presents a moderately well-defined convexity. The 

 sagittal region is oval from side to side, much like that in man of 

 to-day; the occiput, however, is marked by a relatively high situa- 

 tion of the crest and other peculiarities. The outline of the vault, 

 as looked at from above, is a long ovoid. The thickness of the 

 frontal bone at the eminences is 8.5 mm. ; of the left parietal, along 

 and 1 cm. above the squamous suture, 6 to 8 nun. ; these measurements 

 are about one-third greater than those of the skull of an average 

 modern European. 



The principal external dimensions of the cranium, taken carefully 

 with two separate instruments, were found to differ slightly from 

 some of those recorded, but agree closely with those of Schwalbe. 

 They are: 



Cn. 



The greatest length 20.1 



The greatest breadth 14.7 



Cephalic index 73. 1 



Diameter frontal mluimum 10.7 



Diameter frontal maximum 12.3 



Nasion-bregma diameter -11. 7 



Bregma-lambda diameter 10.3 



