ANCIENT REMAINS OF MAN HRDLICKA, 528 



maxilla with teeth, two fragments of the lower jaw with teeth, some 

 loose teeth belonging to the lower jaw, fragments of the scapulse and 

 left clavicle, imperfect humeri, the shaft of the right radius, portions 

 of the ulnae, the left femur without its lower extremity, the left os 

 calcis, and the left astragalus. The separation as here given needs, 

 however, a careful revision. Besides the above, there are a number of 

 vertebrae and small bones of hands and feet about which it is im- 

 possible to say to which skeleton they belong. 



All the skeletal pieces show an advanced state of mineralization. 

 In color they range from brownish to dark grayish, slrull No. 1 repre- 

 senting the former and No» 2 the latter shading; the teeth, however, 

 are quite white, with yellowish roots, much as in crania from rela- 

 tively modern burials. 



The bones of skeleton No. 1 are in general weaker than those of 

 No. 2, but whether this is due to sexual difference of the two indi- 

 viduals, or is merely accidental, is difficult to determine. No. 2 

 was of a decidedly powerful musculature. The stature of the Spy 

 man, so far as it can be determined from these remaining bones, was 

 slightly less than that of the Neanderthal man and somewhat below 

 the medium of white man of central Europe of the present day. 



The bones of the vault in the two skulls are thicker than in the 

 average man of the present day, though slightly less so than in the 

 Neanderthal cranium. The sutures in both are patent with the ex- 

 ception of the coronal in No. 1, which shows commencement of oblit- 

 eration ; their serration is very simple. 



The two skulls are plainly normal specimens, free from disease or 

 deformation, and belonged to adults, approaching in No. 1 middle 

 age, while No. 2 was younger. Somatologically they are remarkable 

 for their important resemblances as well as differences. They belong 

 to one type, but represent individual variations of this type that 

 stand far apart. 



No. 1 (pis. 19-20) is almost a replica of the Neanderthal cranium. 

 There is a similarly prominent, though not quite as heavy, supra- 

 orbital arch; the forehead is even a trace lower and a trace more 

 sloping than in the Neanderthal skull, and the general shape of the 

 vault is much the same. The vault is also very low, but the sagittal 

 region shows a slightly more perceptible elevation than that in the 

 Neanderthal specimen (fig. 5). 



Skull No. 2 on the other hand, while possessing similar prominent 

 supra-orbital arch as No. 1, has a considerably higher and more con- 

 vex forehead, the whole vault is higher as well as more spacious, 

 and the form approaches in many respects that in modern man 

 (pi. 21). The brain cavity in No. 1 is anteriorly low and relatively 

 narrower, as well as somewhat more pointed, than in recent human 

 crania ; in No. 2 these features are also more like those in the present 

 man. 



