536 ANNUAL EEPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1913. 



may prove to have been a part of the same hollow on the base of the 

 wall of the opposite side of the gorge (" la Gotte de St. Brelade 

 II" — ^Marett). They resulted in the discovery in both caves of 

 numerous additional flint implements, all of the Mousterian type, 

 and in the older excavation of more fragments of animal bones, 

 referable principally to the wooly rhinoceros, the reindeer, a large 

 variety of horse, and probably the Bos pri7mgenius. But no further 

 human bones or teeth came to notice. 



Meanwhile the human teeth (pi. 32) were subjected to careful ex- 

 amination bj^ Prof. Keith, of the Koyal College of Surgeons, and 

 Mr. Knowles, of the Oxford University. The results of these studies 

 were published in 1911 in the Journal of Anatomy and Physiology,^ 

 and later, with some additions, in the thirty-seventh bulletin of the 

 Jersey Society. The following embraces the gist of these reports, as 

 well as of the writer's own observations.^ 



The teeth are in an unexpectedlj^ good state of preservation, only 

 the terminal parts of the roots being broken away. Their color is 

 dark brown, with grayish white somewhat chalky looking crowns. 

 All show an advanced degree of fossilization. The apices of the 

 cusps were worn away in life and the finer architecture of the crown 

 is as if faded, probably through corrosive action of the moisture 

 in the deposits that enclosed the specimens. 



Five of the teeth, namely a second left premolar, a first right and 

 a second left molar, and the right and left third molar, with a part of 

 the root of left incisor, belong to the upper jaw, while seven are from 

 the lower jaw, being respectively a canine, first and second pre- 

 molar with second molar of the left side, and a second incisor with 

 second and third molars of the right side. All are probably from the 

 same set and their characteristics are such that the ancient man they 

 represent must be ranked anthropologically as one of the most primi- 

 tive yet discovered. 



The following illustration (pi. 33), shows a reconstruction of 

 the upper and lower dental arches of the St. Brelade man, by Keith 

 and Knowles, and the upper arch in the modern human skull, after 

 Cunningham. It is seen at a glance that the Jersey teeth are larger 

 than the modem in eveiy direction and that in consequence the dental 

 arches themselves must have been considerably larger. 



1 Keith, A., and F. H. S. Knowles. A description of teeth of paleolithic man from 

 Jersey. (Journ. Anat. Physiol., London, vol. 46, 1911, pp. 12-27. Reprinted, with an 

 additional note, in 37'' Bulletin de la Soci6ti5 Jersiaise, 1912, pp. 225-240. Abstract in 

 Nature, vol. 86, 1911, pp. 415-416.) 



" In June, 1912, the writer visited Jersey to examine the originals of these teeth and 

 to visit the cave where they were discovered, and he wishes to warmly thank Mr. 

 Sinel and Dr. Dunlap for the courteous treatment and facilities which they extended to 

 him on this occasion, as well as Captain Rybot, of the 76 Punjabis, for his service in 

 furnishing excellent sketches of the locality. 



