ANCIENT REMAINS OF MAN HKDLICKA. 537 



Another feature in which the Jersey teeth differ even more radi- 

 cally from the recent, is their extraordinarily stout roots. The dia- 

 meters of the neck and roots of the Jersey teeth are almost equal to 

 and in some eases exceed those of the crown, indicating that rela- 

 tively great requirements were made on the teeth by the quality and 

 possibly also quantity of the food. Such roots indicate unmistakably 

 strong muscles of mastication and a stout massive lower jaw, prob- 

 ably somewhat smaller but scarcely less powerful than the still 

 earlier Mauer mandible. 



The roots of the Jersey premolars and molars are not only stout 

 but they are also to a large extent fused. This is not an anthropoid 

 feature, for in the higher apes these roots are well apart. The fusion 

 is due to great development of the dentine and cement of the roots, 

 brought about in this early man, in the opinion of Keith and Knowles, 

 by a changed manner of mastication, characterized by more lateral 

 besides vertical movements of the lower jaw. Other primitive fea- 

 tures of the teeth are the early filling of the pulp cavities by deposits 

 of dentine, thus providing an earl}^ adaptation for wear; the size 

 and characters of the first premolars, which contrary to what occurs 

 in present man are larger than the second bicuspids; and certain 

 features of the canine as well as the molars. 



Without going into more details, for which the reader will need 

 to consult the originals — it may safely be concluded that the Jer- 

 sey teeth constitute another valuable document of man's ancestry; 

 and that they show an early man, probably an earlier representative 

 of the Homo neanderthalensis^ already quite advanced in denture 

 from the prehuman forms, but still with teeth much more powerful 

 as well as less specifically differentiated than those of present man. 



The cave accumulations from which these teeth came are, fortu- 

 nately^ still far from exhausted which gives hopes of further im- 

 portant discoveries. The first cavern itself still presents a large 

 accumulation of deposits that have not been explored, and, as men- 

 tioned above, there has been tapped a second cave in the rock oppo- 

 site, while a communication between the two, as yet untouched, seems 

 to lie behind the sagged-down rocks at the head of the ravine. The 

 distant parts of these hollows in particular demands examination. 

 The Societe Jersiaise, under whose auspices the explorations of the 

 site have hitherto progressed, will place the scientific world under 

 especial obligation by carrying the work on with equal care to its 

 conclusion.'^ 



1 Since this was written, a grant has been secured from the British Association for 

 the Advancement of Science, by Dr. R. R. Marett, for further exploration of the cave, 

 and in a recent letter to the writer Dr. Marett intimates that the work under this grant 

 was not fruitless. 



